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Ecology Flow of Energy
Food Chains and Food Webs
15
Biology
9th Grade
02/08/2012

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Term
Autotroph
Definition
An organism that collects energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to produce food
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
An organism that gets its energy by consuming other organisms
Term
Herbivore
Definition
An organism that eats only plants.
Term
Carnivores
Definition
An organism that eats only meat - they prey on other heterotrophs
Term
Omnivore
Definition
An organism that eats both plants and animals.
Term
Detritivores
Definition
An organism that eats fragments of dead matter in an ecosystem
Term
Examples of detritivores
Definition
Worms, aquatic insects
Term
Decomposers
Definition
Organisms that break down dead organisms by rleasing digestive enzymes
Term
Examples of decomposers
Definition
Fungi like mushrooms, and bacteria
Term
Trophic level
Definition
A feeding level in a food chain or food web
Term
Food chain
Definition
A simple model that shows how energy flows through an ecosystem. It shows feeding relationships.
Term
Food web
Definition
A model that is composed of many interconnected food chains.
Term
Ecological pyramid
Definition
A diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy, biomass of numbers of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
Term
How much energy move from one trophic level to the next?
Definition
Only 10%.
Term
Why are there so few top carnivores in an ecosystem?
Definition
Because only 10% of the energy from the lower trophic level is transferred up to them
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