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Ecology Final Exam
test 3
95
Biology
Undergraduate 4
04/30/2012

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Term
this method is usually used for sampling land plants, but may also be used for sampling relatively sessile or slow moving animals, OR for animal burrows, nest, hills and other animal singns
Definition
Plot Method
Term
Accurate/ unbiased application of plot sampling requires
Definition
random sampling
Term
a long strip of terrain (long rectangle) in which all organisms are counted and measured
Definition
belt transect
Term
data are tabulated on the basis of plants lying in a straight line cutting across the community under study

widely used in glassland community studies because of the problem of distinguishing between individual plants
Definition
line-intercept technique
Term
is widely used by terrestrial vertebrate ecologist

walking a line established through an area and recording individuals observed from that line.
Definition
strip census
Term
invertrbeate sample lables should include
Definition
date, collectors, locality, description
Term
tool used to separate leaf litter and soil samples from invertebrates
Definition
Berlease-Tullgren Funnel
Term
to dig a hole in the ground and place a jar/cup within where the top is level with the soil level

catch insect that fall in
Definition
pitfall trapping
Term
capture flying insects: flying insects run into netting then instinctively crawl upwards into this trap
Definition
Malaise Trap
Term
organisms at the water surface
Definition
neuston
Term
organisms at the bottom substrate of water
Definition
benthos
Term
organisms between the water surface and the bottom substate
Definition
plankton
Term
marine organisms on submurged substrates above the bottom
Definition
periphyton
Term
a density indec based on a unit of habitat or a unit of sampling effort
Definition
relative density
Term
a topless/ bottomless slider with a known cross-sectional area used to sample benthos
Definition
wilding sampler
Term
dragged along the bottom, scraping the surface or digging into the substrate
Definition
dredges or benthic grab sampler
Term
netting method commonly used in streams
Definition
surber sampler
Term
a method of benthos sampling making use of __________ __________ onto which benthic fauna attach themselves
Definition
artifical substrate
Term
a plankton mesh net that is cast out and pulled in inorder to get samples
Definition
tow net
Term
large nets that can be hauled through the water along the borrom or a stream/ littoral sone of a lake or pond
Definition
seines
Term
rate of photosynthetic carbon fixation
Definition
primary productivity
Term
place samples of water from aquatic habitat in glass bottles. test the initial oxygen content. completely cover one of the bottles to exclude light but expose the other
after a known time remeasure the oxygen content
Definition
light and dark bottle method
Term
the difference between INITIAL oxygen measurement and the light bottle oxygen measurement
Definition
net primary production
Term
Gymnogyps californianus
Definition
California Condow
Term
largest flying land bird in North American
Definition
California Condor
Term
California Condor wingspan
Definition
2.9meters
Term
california condor lifespan
Definition
up to fifty years
Term
frequency of California Condor breeding & amount of eggs layed per breeding
Definition
they breed every other year and lay one egg per time
Term
incubation time for California Condor egg
Definition
fifty six days
Term
phasianus colchicus
Definition
chinese ring-necked phesant
Term
state bird of South Dakota
Definition
chinese ring-necked phesant
Phasianus colchicus
Term
are the chinese ring-necked phesants monogomous?
Definition
no they are polygamous
Term
within the chinese-ringnecked phesant community one male can support how many female(s)?
Definition
twelve
Term
incubation time for a chinese- ring necked phesant egg
Definition
21-24 days
Term
approximately what percent of chinese- ring necked phesant die each winter?
Definition
65-75%
Term
Bald Eagle
Definition
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Term
one of the largest birds of prey found in North America
Definition
Bald Eagle
Term
wingspan of Bald Eagle
Definition
72-84 inches
Term
lifespan of Bald Eagle
Definition
30 years
Term
this fish is often the most popular fish to catch in farm ponds
Definition
large mouth bass
Term
young bass feed on
Definition
zooplankton and insects
Term
older bass feed on
Definition
fish, crayfish, frogs, insects
Term
will bass eat floating fish feed?
Definition
NO
Term
longest river in the United States
Definition
Missouri River
Term
approximately___ acres of farmland are subject to flooding along the mainstream Missouri River.
Definition
1.4 million
Term
Fire Ant Control Program for 1971 included treatment of
Definition
4.4million acres
Term
do reefs exist in the waters off of the continental US above the southern tip of FL
Definition
NO
Term
Off the southeastern coastal states from North Carolina to FL coral reef habitat is replaced with
Definition
hard-bottom/ live-bottom areas
Term
off south carolina what % is suitable for reef formation
Definition
5-10%
Term
Nicrophorus americanus
Definition
American Burying Beetle
Term
Nicrophorus americanus common name
Definition
carrion beetle
Term
the american buruying beetle has what distinguishing feature on its pronotum?
Definition
star-shaped orange-red marking
Term
segment between head and body of beetle
Definition
pronotum
Term
what animal closely correlates with habitat fragmentation and the decline of important avian species such as the passenger pigeon and greater prarie chicken
Definition
american burying beetle
Term
colinus virginianus
Definition
bobwhite quail
Term
this burst in population was a byproduct of low intensity agriculture and forestry practices
Definition
bobwhite quail
Term
responsible for quail population decline?
Definition
land use changes
"clean farming"
Term
is the bobwhite quail monogomous?
Definition
yes
Term
the population of bobwhite quails has about 15% more

males or females?
Definition
males
Term
within the bobwhite quail population who builds the nest?
Definition
both male and female
Term
bobwhite quail egg incubation time
Definition
23-24 days
Term
how many broods of chicks does the bobwhite quail have per year?
Definition
one
Term
annual mortality rate of bobwhite quail
Definition
60-80%
Term
bobwhite quail (can or cannot) survive without drinking water
Definition
can
they eat insects and vegitaiton
dew and rain too
Term
bobwhite quail form into groups of individuals called
Definition
coveys
Term
a covey size is about
Definition
12-15 birds
Term
soils with the greatest quail management potential are the
Definition
well drained sandy loams and clays
Term
what kind of gradd restricts bobwhite quail movement?
Definition
bermuda and other exotic grasses
Term
Georgia's most populat and numerous game bird
Definition
mourning dove
Term
zenaida macroura
Definition
mourning dove
Term
this bird has benefitted from most modern agriculture and has adapted to urbinization
Definition
mourning dove
Term
the mourning dove is a member of the ___ family
Definition
pigeon
Term
does the mourning dove nest year round in georgia?
Definition
yes
Term
does the mourning dove nest on the ground?
Definition
rarely
Term
who carries the mourning dove incubation duties?
Definition
both male and female
Term
mourning dove egg incubation period
Definition
14 days
Term
mourning dove nestlings are also called
Definition
squabs
Term
mourning dove produce # broods
Definition
3-5 broods each season
Term
mourning dove annual mortality rate
Definition
70%
Term
the ___ of mourning dove nests makes them particularly vulnerable to storms and other severe weather
Definition
flimsiness
Term
a mourning dove parasitic diease of the upper digestive tract that causes serious dieoffs
Definition
trichomoniasis
Term
a mourning dove viral infection produces symptoms similar to trichomoniasis but is less common and much less devistating
Definition
dove pox
Term
do mourning dove eat insects?
Definition
rarely
Term
do mourning dove have strong beaks?
Definition
no
Term
does the mourning dove need a water source close by?
Definition
yes they cannot sustain from insects and dew like the quail
Term
mourning dove hunting regulations are based primarily on the results of
Definition
nation-wide dove call-count survey
Term
are mourning doves migratory?
Definition
yes
Term
Melanoplus spretus
Definition
Rocky Mountain Locust
Term
the last specimin of these were collected from southern canada in 1902
Definition
Rocky Mountain Locust
Term
when this animal is both damaging and migratory with high density concentrated population they are considered
Definition
locusts
Term
is the Rocky Mountain Locust a cannable
Definition
it was observed
Term
sylvilsgus aquaticus
Definition
swamp rabbit
also known as the cane cutter
Term
sylvilagus floridanus
Definition
eastern cottontail
Term
sylvilagus palustris
Definition
Marsh Rabbit
Term
Sylvilagus obscurus
Definition
Appalachian cottontail
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