Term
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Definition
1 male, many females
males compete for females
prevalent in mammals, many males never mate
females supply food |
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Term
| Female Choice Handicap Principle |
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Definition
Theory by A. Zahavi(1973)
the traits that get selected represent a handicap, so they will be more fit |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary sexual characteristic, sometimes a result of levels of testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
many males, 1 female
rarest system, prevalent in birds
response to extreme environmental conditions |
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Term
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Definition
many males and females
amphibians and fish |
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Term
| Influences on Mating Systems |
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Definition
| environmental, social, and physiological factors |
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Term
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Definition
| grp of individuals of same species, living together |
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Term
| Population Characteristics |
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Definition
distribution(habitat preference/range)
density
sex structure, age structure
a common gene pool |
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Term
| The Biological Species Concept (Mayr 1969) |
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Definition
| a group of interbreeding, natural population that is reproductively isolated from other groups |
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Term
| The Recognition Species Concept |
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Definition
| a group of organisms with a common method of recognizing and responding to mates |
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Term
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Definition
| a population formation that requires geographic isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| a population formation that occurs within the range of ancestral species, isolation is not required |
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Term
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Definition
| Crowding, Competition for Resources, Extinction or Migration, # of Original Species Decline |
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Term
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Definition
| association of plants and organisms whose distribution coincides with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| these characteristics are dynamic and influence community structure |
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Term
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Definition
| length of time a community characteristic lasts before it changes as a result of an influence |
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Term
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Definition
| once a characteristic is changed, how do other characteristics respond |
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Term
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Definition
| how fast a characteristic that has changed returns to the previous state |
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Term
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Definition
| how much does a characteristic vary over time |
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Term
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Definition
| degree of interdependency of community components |
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Term
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Definition
process of establishment of community components and subsequent fate
genetic drift in a small pop increases chance of extinction
i.e. island biogeography |
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Term
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Definition
continuous, undirectional, sequential change in the species composition of a community
frequently in response to a disturbance |
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Term
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Definition
| top predator controls community composition |
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Term
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Definition
1.Grasses
2.Woody Vines
3.Shrubs
4.Trees
5.Climax Community
***SERE is each stage up to Climax (1,2,3,4)***
As stages progress, soil becomes more fertile/deeper |
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Term
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Definition
| not high in biomass, yet have a high influence on the community structure |
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Term
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Definition
| make up most of the weight in the forest and take up most the space |
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Term
| Community Characteristics |
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Definition
1.Species abundance
2.Species diversity
3.Habitat structure
4.Ecotones
5.Ecological gradients |
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Term
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Definition
| a meeting place or border between 2 community types, characterized by relatively high species diversity |
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Term
| Mechanisms of Facilitation |
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Definition
1.Zebras feed first, remove coarse, less nutritous plants(hind-gut fermentation can't take advantage of nutritous plants)
2.wildebeast move in next&remove tall grasses (have ruminant stomach, use nutritous plants)
3.Thompson's Gazelles eat the small broad leaved plants made visible by previous grazers |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st ones used were hawk, falcon, and eagle eggs; DDT present caused eggshells to thin |
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Term
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Definition
| results from the intro of hormones and antibiotics into the environment; biggest source is cattle, excreted in urine |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for killing large numbers of amphibians |
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Term
| Vulnerability Characteristics |
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Definition
| Specialized habits, large size, small population, dependence on staging areas, valued by humans, environmental sensitivity |
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