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Definition
| Deteriorative process that leads to death. The ultimate cost to individuals. |
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| Linkages between traits that constrain the simultaneous evolution of two or more traits. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Many reproductive episodes |
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Definition
| Succesful males have a number of mates but females usually only have one (at least for a given breeding season.) Dominant in animals. |
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Term
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Definition
Social interactive dynamic between genders.
Polygyny
Monogamy
Polyandry
Polygynandry |
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Term
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Definition
| Both males and females usually mate with only one member of the opposite sex, at least during a single season. |
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Term
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Definition
| Successful females mate with many males, but males usually only have one mate. Very rare. |
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Term
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Definition
| Both males and females normally mate with several members of the opposite sex. |
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Term
| Choice of a Mating System |
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Definition
Distribution of resources is key!!!
How much food is available?
What is the pop. density? Distr. of mates?
Must increase fitness! |
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Term
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Definition
| When a male is socially bonded to a female but the female already copulated with another male and the prior male is stuch rearing another males young. Worst evolutionary loser ever! |
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Term
| Sperm Competition Hypothesis |
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Definition
| When a socially bonded male returns to his female, they copulate ~900 times so the male can hopefully plant more seed in the female in case the female has been unfaithful. Minimize or out compete the amount of sperm from a competitive male. |
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Definition
| The "show" birds or "waiting" birds. |
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Definition
| land based, vegetative variation on earth. |
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Definition
| A predictable portrayal to determine biomes. Plots temperatures vs RH or precipitation. |
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Term
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Definition
large scale
Average temperatures and rainfall over a long period of time |
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Definition
| The percentage of the solar radiation that is reflected back by the earths surface. |
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Definition
| A process in which heat is neither lost or brought in from the outside. |
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Definition
| The temperature at which the air is saturated with as much water as it can hold. |
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Definition
| A process in which heat is neither lost or brought in from the outside. |
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Term
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Definition
Analogous to biomes.
Deal with the distribution of animals across the earth. |
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Definition
| The amount of water drawn from the soil by plant transpiration and by direct evaporation. |
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Term
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Definition
Goes 12-13 miles above ground level where all life occurs.
Amount of air is finite (limited). |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of pressure water vapor exerts independent of dry air. |
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Term
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Definition
Where ozone (O3) occurs.
Absorbs radiation energy.
Warms up the ceiling of troposphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| A layer of warm air that develops at a high level in the atmosphere and has no chance to descend. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Only substance that occurs in 3 phases, in the earth's range of temperatures
2) High Specific heat capacity (1 cal. required to raise 1G Water 1 degree C) Water resists its changing of states
3) High heat of vaporization
4) Unique density behavior (Greatest density at 4 degrees C)
5) High Surface Tension |
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Term
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Definition
| A unique ecosystem, a distinctive habitat or physical environment and its naturally evolved community of plants and animals. |
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Term
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Definition
Amount of water vapor actually in the air relative to what it could hold if saturated.
Temperature dependent
Temp High= RH low
Temp Low=RH High
RH is one of the most important facets on earth. |
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Term
| General Circulation Models |
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Definition
Supercomputers, predict temperatures years in advance.
Hard to predict due to not knowing where some C goes |
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Term
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Definition
Unconsolidated geological material that has undergone physical, chemical, and biological weathering, and is a medium for plant growth.
50-90% of material of plants comes from the soil; plant matter 99% of living mass on earth |
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Definition
| The thin blanket of life surrounding the earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rocky outer shell of the earth. Supports the biosphere. |
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Definition
| Includes all of the Earth's waters. Liquid, Solid, or Gaseous. |
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Definition
| An energy processing and nutrient-regenerating system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The energy capturing base of the system. Mostly green plants and algae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Utilize the food stored by the producers (autotrophs) rearrange it and finally decompose it into simple inorganic substance. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Composed of bacteria and fungi. Most commonly associated with decomposition. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that converts sugars to organic acids and alcohols. |
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Term
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Definition
| Litter-feeding invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Leaching->Fragmentation->Catabolism->Mineralization->Anabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| The soil directly surrounding the roots. |
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Term
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Definition
Clay<.002MM in diameter
Silt .002-.05mm
Sand .05-2.00mm |
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Term
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Definition
O,A - nutrient rich soils composed of dead or dying organic material with lots of water holding and space.
E(A2)-Lacking nutrients, shallow
B layer (zone of deposition)-fairly nutrient dense, last line where nutrients fall down. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry do not support much plant life. Shallow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Richest soils in North America, get just enough or more than enough water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rich but not as rich as Mollisols. Too much rainfall flushes out nutrients. Most biomass occurs above ground. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ultra rich soils but short growing seasons. Around 3 to 4 times as much C than average. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very fragile system. Support richest plant life on earth, but are very nutrient poor. Long growing seasons, lots of water. "Paradoxisols" - wet desert. Tropical rain forests. |
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