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Definition
| Scientific study of factors and interactions that determine distribution, abundance, and evolutionary success of organisms. |
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| Observable distinctions (behavior and appearance). Outward expression of the genotype. Directly exposed the environment. |
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| Genetic makeup of an organism. Indirectly exposed to the environment through phenotype. |
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| NATL Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), 1969 |
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Definition
| Requites the Fed. Govt. to write environmental impact statements to protect organisms. |
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| NATL. Forest Management Act, 1976 |
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Definition
| Requires the US forest service to maintain viable populations of vertebrates on public lands. |
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| Endangered Species Act, 1973 |
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Definition
| Requires fed. govt. to recognize species that are endangered and recover them. |
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| group of individuals of a certain species at the same place at the same time. |
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| Prezygotic Reprod. Barriers |
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Definition
Prevent Mating or Fertiliz.
A. Ecol. Isolation
B. Temporal Isolation
C. Behavioral Isolation
D. Mechanical Isolation
E. Gametic Isolation |
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| Postzygotic reproductive barriers |
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Definition
Prevent development of fertile adults
A) Hybrid Inviability
B) Hybrid Sterility
C) Hybrid Breakdown |
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Definition
Allopatric
Sympatric
Parapatric |
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| One species is split into spacially isolated pops. by geographic border. Become unable to interbreed. |
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| Similar to parapatric but speciation occurs in the center of the parent pop rather than on the periphery. Occurs only in plants. |
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| Without geographic isolation; Abut along a common border which exhibits a discontinuity in some important environmental feature. Left of own will. |
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| Species that occur there and only there. Occur most frequently on islands. |
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"The Origin of Species" 24th Nov. 1859
2 main points |
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Definition
Species had not been created in their present form.
Natural Selection. |
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| Natural Selection Definition |
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Definition
*#1 cause of macro-evolution.
Biol. process where members of pop. survive and reprod. more successfully than others and transmit to their offspring the heritable basis for such. |
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| Biological characteristic that favors survival and reproduction in a particular environment. Result of natural selection. |
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| changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance. |
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Definition
Something happens that dwindles the population to only a small # of survivors.
The smaller pop. has a greater chance of deviation. |
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| The loss of genetic variation when a new population is established by a small number of the larger population. |
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| Migration of fertile individuals, or transfer of gametes between populations. |
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Definition
Change in genetic material due to replacement, deletion, etc.
#1 cause of change to genetic material
*Most are not favorable
*NOT #1 cause of Macro-evolution, but can cause macro-evolution.
*Natural Selection is most important. |
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Definition
| Refers to the evol. success of an individual organism; relative measure. Should be able to leave behind a lot of alleles. |
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| Prey species. Have spots on them that are useful to attract mates, but also attract predators. Sexual selection pressures. |
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| An organism's own reprod. success and that of its relatives. |
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| Measurable change over a geogr. region in some phenotypic character. Gradual Change. |
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| Genetic populaiton adapted to its unique environment; a marked discontinuity. |
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| Several distinct forms in the same habitat at the same time. (Squirells) |
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| Selection through SOCIAL COMPETITION for mating success; There are two kinds - Inter- and Intra-sexual selection. |
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Definition
| Predicts that the sex that initially invests most in gametes will be the limiting resource for the sex that invests least. |
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| Marked by size differences of the gametes. |
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| Non-genetic changes in prevalence of learned information. Far more common in a species that is social than one that is anti-social. |
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| Organisms which have closely related anscestry organized to fill many different nitches. |
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| Non-closely related organisms conform into a similar phenotype. |
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| Traits interact to determine individual fitness. |
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| 3 Major LH Characteristics that affect # of offspring. |
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Definition
1)Number of reproductive episodes per lifetime. (semelparous vs. iteroparous)
2)Clutch size/litter size
3)Age at first reproductive episode. |
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| That natural associations have certain emergent properties as aggregations of organisms that arose from lower levels of organization. All levels occurred together. |
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| Ecosystems are too complex to breakdown into individual units, and must be studied as a whole. |
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| The ecosystem is a sum of its parts. If you can understand the parts you can understand the ecosystem. |
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| Concerned with spatial patterns in landscape, how they develop, and disturbances to them including human impact. |
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| Applies experimental research to the restoration of ecosystems on highly disturbed lands. |
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| The part of phenotypic variation among individuals in a local population that can be attributed to their microenvironments. |
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| Short term response of an individual to exposure to changing natural environments. |
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Definition
| Cold blooded. Allow body temperatures to conform to the environment. |
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Definition
| Warm blooded. Regulate internal temperatures. Maintain homeostasis. |
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