Term
| Environmental Risk Transition |
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Definition
-changes in environmental risks that happen as undeveloped regions of the world evolve
-prior to this this is poor air,food and water quality
-results in increase of chronic conditions |
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Term
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Definition
-being sound in body, mind or spirit
-not just the absence of disease |
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Term
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Definition
-physical status and functional ability
-psychological status and well-being
-social interactions
-economic and vocational factor
-religious and spiritual status |
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Term
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Definition
-Mortality
-Morbidity
-Life expectancy
-Functional Status and Capacity
-Quality of life |
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Term
| Basic Environmental Requirements for Health |
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Definition
-clean air
-safe and sufficient water
-safe and adequate food supply
-safe and peaceful settlements
-stable global environment |
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Term
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Definition
| -the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded |
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Term
| Environment (more technical) |
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Definition
| complex of climatic, edaphic (soil-based) and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community |
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Term
| Environment (Public Health Definition) |
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Definition
| - all which is external to the individual host. It can be divided into physical, biological, social and cultural factors which influence health status in populations |
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Term
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Definition
| -trouble or condition of the living animal or plant body of one of its parts that impairs the performance of a vital function; morbidity |
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Term
| Contributors to the "Environment" (6) |
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Definition
-Chemical
-Biological
-Physical
-Social-Cultural
-Built
-Natural |
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Term
| Environmental Epidemiology |
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Definition
| -study of patterns of illness amount humans and the factors that might create these patters (exposure to environmental agents and development of disease) |
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Term
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Definition
-mechanisms between exposure and development of disease
-understanding toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of environmental chemicals |
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Term
| Environmental Justice (3 aspects) |
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Definition
-Equal Protection
-Equal Access
-Fair treatment and meaningful involvement of people
-e.g. Baltimore's Wagner's Point |
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Term
| Executive Oder 12898 (1994) |
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Definition
| -created to address Environmental Justice in minority and low income populations |
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Term
| Health Improvements in 20th Century |
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Definition
-Water, food, milk sanitation
-Reduced physical crowding
-Improved nutrition
-Central heating + cleaner fuel
-Chlorination of water
-Removal of lead from gasoline |
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Term
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Definition
-banned in 1977
-Still exist |
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Term
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Definition
- In Bengaladesh and West Bengal
-causes lung/live/bladder cancer and skin lesions |
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Term
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Definition
what the body does to the agent
(I.E. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, storage) |
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Term
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Definition
-what the agent does to the body
(i.e. the molecular, biochemical, cellular and organ changes that occur) |
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Term
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Definition
- the determination of the probability that an adverse effect will result from the defined exposure
This includes:
+hazard identification
+exposure assessment
+risk characterization |
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Term
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Definition
| -the process of weighing policy alternatives and selecting the most appropriate regulatory actions based on the results of risk assessment |
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Term
| Clinical Intervention Model |
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Definition
| -prevent diseases from becoming death |
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Term
| Public Health Intervention Model |
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Definition
| -Prevent public + environment form causing disease |
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Term
| Environmental Stewardship Model |
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Definition
| -Prevent public from harming environment |
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Term
| The Three P's (Principle Determinants of Health Worldwide) |
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Definition
-Population
-Pollution
-Poverty |
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Term
| Environmental Impact Model |
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Definition
I = P x A xT
I = environmental impact
p = population
a = affluence
t = technology |
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Term
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Definition
- Municipal Solid Waste
- Industrial Waste
- Medical Waste
- Radioactive Waste
- Hazardous Waste |
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Term
| Characteristics of Hazardous Waste |
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Definition
- Ignitability
- Corrosivity
- Reactivity
-Toxicity |
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Term
| Hazardous Waste Wake-up Calls (Superfund) |
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Definition
-Love Canal
-Valley of the Drums
-Times Beach
-Libby, Montana |
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Term
| RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) |
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Definition
- 1976
- defined hairdos waste
- instituted "manifest system" for tracking
- set standards for hazardous waste facilities and issued operating licenses |
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Term
| CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act) |
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Definition
(1980)
- Established a national priority list for expenditure of superfund cleanup dollars |
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Term
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Definition
| - land previously used from industrial purposes of certain commercial uses. The land may be contaminated by low concentrations of hazardous waste or pollution. |
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Term
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Definition
-Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
-Factory Farms
-Produce large amounts of waste - lagoon
-Nitrogen and phosphorus
-Contaminate groundwater and drinking wells
-ODOR POLLUTION |
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Term
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Definition
- when an agent enters the body
- can be acute or chonic
- can occur indoors or outdoors
- by various vectors (routes)
exposure =intensity x frequency x duration
-often is related unequal protection |
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Term
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Definition
| - qualification of the human engagement with environmental contaminants and health problems |
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Term
| Health Assessment in the contact of Environmental Exposure |
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Definition
| - the quantification of health effects that may be related to specific exposures |
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Term
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Definition
- study of patterns of illness amount human populations
-uses math and statics to make deductions
-uses disease clusters |
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Term
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Definition
| - occurrence of new disease of mortality within a defined period of observation |
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Term
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Definition
| - a measure of disease frequency and refers to existing cases of diseases or deaths |
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Term
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Definition
| - all cases of a disease that exist at a particular point in time relative to a specific population from which cases are derived |
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Term
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Definition
- measure of association for case-control studies
-the odd in favor of exposure among the disease group (cases) to the ratio in favor of exposure among the no-disease group (control) |
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Term
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Definition
| - the ratio of the incidence rate of a disease or health outcome in an exposed group to the incidence rate of the disease or condition in a non-exposed group |
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Term
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Definition
| - causal association must exist between an agent factor and disease in the host for there to be casusality |
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Term
| Factors that make disease hard to identify (6) |
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Definition
- latency
- multi-factorial etiology
- disease non-specificity
- individual characteristics
- changed in response with chaining does
- mixed exposures |
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Term
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Definition
| - chemical, molecular, biochemical or cellular alterations that are measurable in biological media such as human tissues, cells or fluids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - state, local and national governments |
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Term
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Definition
| -Laws that protect nature and ecology, public health and welfare |
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Term
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Definition
| agency decisions that affect groups of people, especially the regulated community |
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Term
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Definition
| - a decision about a particular claim by a particular entity |
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Term
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Definition
| -Risk Assessment = chosen methodology for environmental standard setting |
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Term
Industrial Union Dep’t, AFL-CIO v. American
Petroleum Institute, 448 U.S. 607 (1980) |
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Definition
| - Agency does not need scientific certainty to regulated if at the frontiers of scientific knowledge |
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Term
| Risk Assessment Process (4 steps) |
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Definition
-Hazard Identification
- Dose/Response Assessment
-Exposure Assessment
- Risk Characterization |
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Term
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Definition
| the utilization of biomarkers in the measurement of the body burden of toxic chemical compounds, elements, or their metabolites in biological materials |
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Term
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Definition
-Continuous
-Intermittent
-Cyclic
-Random
-Concentrated |
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Term
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Definition
-Filtration and Chlorination
-Typhoid and Cholera |
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