Term
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Definition
-Characterized by a severe disturbance in eating behavior
-Intense fear of becoming overweight and fat
-Pursuit of thinness |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a refusal to maintain even a minimally low body weight |
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Term
| DSM-IV TR for Anorexia Nervosa |
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Definition
-Refusal to maintain a body weight that is normal for the person's age and height
-Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight
-Distorted perception of body shape and size
-Absence of at least 3 consecutive menstrual periods
Characterized by denial of a problem |
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Term
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Definition
-Anorexia Nervosa
-Persistent efforts to limit food intake |
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Term
| Binge-eating/purging type |
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Definition
-Binge: Out of control consumption of an amount of food far greater than what most people would eat in the same amount of time, under same circumstances
-Purge: Removal of the food eaten, self-induced vomiting, misusing laxatives, diretics, and enemas
-Other compensatory behaviors: excessive exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by frequent episodes of uncontrollable binge eating and recurrent inappropriate behavior to prevent weight gain |
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Term
| DSM-IV TR for Bulimia Nervosa |
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Definition
-Recurrent episodes of binge eating
-Recurrent and inappropriate efforts to compensate for the effects of binge eating
-Must take place at least 2x a week for 3 months
-Self evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape or weight
-Not due to anorexia
-Specify purging or non purging type |
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Term
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Definition
-Those diagnosed with bulimia tend to be of normal weight, or even overweight
-Researchers have argued that binge-eating/purging subtype of AN should be considered another form of BN
-If both diagnoses are met, Anorexia is diagnosed (i.e, last criteria of BN) |
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Term
| Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified |
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Definition
Diagnosis given when some of the criteria for either AN or BN are met
-Research suggest that more people fall into this category than either Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa
-Are just as serious as other eating disorders diagnoses |
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Term
| DSM-IV TR for Binge Eating Disorder |
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Definition
-Eating, in a limited amount of time, an amount of food that is considerably larger than most would eat under similar circumstances
-A sense of lack of control over eating
3 or more of the following:
-Eating much more rapidly than normal
-Eating to the point of feeling uncomfortably full
-Eating large amounts of food when not hungry
-Eating alone due to embarrassment about how much one is eating
-Feeling of disgust, guilt, or depression after overeating
-Marked distress about binge eating
-Binge eating occurs at least twice a week for 6 months
-Less dietary restraint than typical of Anorexia or Bulimia Nervosa
-Associated with being overweight/obese |
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Term
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Definition
-Happens more in women than men
-Prevalence is 6-8% in obese individuals |
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Term
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Definition
-10 percent of people with eating disorders are men
-For existing ED diagnoses, males exhibit similar symptoms to females
-More likely to have a history of being overweight before their ED developed
-Mixed evidence about sexual orientation as a risk factor |
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Term
| Medical Complications and Physical Consequences of Anorexia |
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Definition
-Death from heart arrhythmia
-Kidney damage
-Renal failure
-Amenorrhea/low testosterone
-Dry skin, brittle hair and nails
-Yellow skin
-Lanugo: downy hair on body and face
-Susceptibility to cold
-Low blood pressure
-Thiamin deficiency
-Osteoporosis later in life |
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Term
| Medical Complications and Physical Consequences of Bulimia |
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Definition
-Electrolyte imbalances
-Hypokalemia (Low potassium)
-Damage to hands, throat, and teeth from induced vomiting |
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Term
| Course and Outcome of Anorexia |
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Definition
-Second highest cause of death
-3-23% attempt suicide
-Better pronosis for BN and BED than AN
-70% with BN tend to recover, 60-70% with BED
-However, residual symptoms often remain, and high rates of diagnostic crossovers |
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Term
| Comorbidity of AN, BN, BED |
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Definition
-Depression as many as 50%
-OCD
-Substance abuse particularly in BN and Binge,purging subtype of An
-Personality disorder
-Self-harm behaviors |
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Term
| Biological Causal Factors oF AN BN |
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Definition
Genetics shows that AN and BN are heritable
Set point: The weight that our bodies try to "defend". Patients with BN may experience impulses to binge after attempting to fall below their set point
-Neurotransmitters: Serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
| Peer and media influences: Magazine models, diet advertisements |
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Term
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Definition
Family dysfunction: rigidity, parental over-protectiveness, excessive control, and martial discord
-Parental attitudes regarding desirability of thinness, dieting, eating habits physical appearance, perfectionism |
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Term
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Definition
-High parental expections
-Other family members dieting or eating habits
-Critical comments about shape, weight, eating |
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Term
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Definition
-Reluctance to seek treatment and high drop out rates especially with binge/purge subtype
-Immediate goal is to restore weight to a level that is no longer life-threatening through IV feeding, feeding tubes, and monitoring caloric intake
-Medications such as antidepressants and some anti psychotics help with distorted thinking but not that strong |
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Term
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Definition
-Antidepressants or other medications
-Cognitive-behavioral therapy,main focus is on normalizing eating patterns a restructuring maladaptive patterns of thinking:
-Regular eating/stop purging
-Alternatives to binge eating
-Examining food avoidance
-Challenging dysfunctional thought patterns
-Preventing relapse
Better outcomes than for AN and generally leads to symptom improvement |
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Term
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Definition
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
-CBT seems more effective than antidepressants
-Primary focus is on changing maladaptive behaviors: meal planning, identifications of triggers, alternatives to bingeing
Does not result in weight loss |
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Term
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Definition
-1/3 are obese in US
-A major public health problem
-Can be regarded as state of excessive, chronic fat storage
-Defined on the basis of the body mass index
-Many clinicians regard the central problem as the habit of overeating
-Found in all racial and ethnic groups, but most prevalence in black women
-Other risk factors being: older, female, of low SES, children of obese parents |
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Term
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Definition
-Lifestyle modifications
-Medications
-Bariatric surgery
Once obese, it is difficult for them to lose weight and maintain their new low weight |
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