Term
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Definition
igneous texture
large crystals embedded in smaller crystal matrix
formed at depth
cooling @2 different rates[image] |
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Term
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Definition
granite is intrusive/course-grained
rhyolite is extrusive/fine-grained version of granite,
same minerals |
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Term
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Definition
certain minerals crystallize from magma first
members of the same rock group crystallize at the same temperature |
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Term
| detrital sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
broken fragments of mineral grains/pieces of rock
minerals: clay and quartz
abundant because they are formed by and withstand weathering
breakdown or accumulation |
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Term
| primary basis for distinguishing among various detrital sedimentary rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| chemical sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
precipitated of dissolved minerals in water
distinguished by mineral composition
formed by biological activity or inorganic reactions
limestone, gypsum, halite |
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Term
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Definition
sedimentary rock formed of material deposited by evaporation of water
halite |
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Term
| 2 common lithification processes |
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Definition
compaction - significant in fine-grained sedimentary rocks
cementation - joins particles |
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Term
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Definition
process by which sediments are formed into solid sedmentary rocks
compaction & cementation |
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Term
| single most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
| strata - beds, parallel layers of rock |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in mineral composition and texture of a rock subjected to high temp and pressure within the earth |
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Term
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Definition
heat* - recrystallize or form new minerals
pressure - more compact
chemically active fluids - promote recrystalization from dissolving and precipitating |
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Term
| regional vs. contact metamorphism |
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Definition
contact - high temp; hornfels
regional - high temp, high pressure |
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Term
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Definition
basaltic (mafic, dark)
andesitic (intermediate)
granitic (felsic, light) |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual increase in temperature with depth in the crust |
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Term
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Definition
volcanic - extrusive; crystallize near surface; fine
plutonic - intrusive; crystallize below surface; coarse |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
decompression
heating
hydration |
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Term
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Definition
| sedimentary rock made of broken fragments of prexisting rock |
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