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Earth Science Terms 1
Matter, Minerals, and Rocks
27
Science
12th Grade
10/19/2010

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Term
SCIENCE
Definition

An organized approach to

gathering, analyzing, verifying,

and utilizing information

about the world.

Term
HYPOTHESIS
Definition

Suggested answer

to a question.

Term
THEORY
Definition

A logical explanation based on

data gathered and verified

by many scientists.

Term
EARTH SCIENCE
Definition

The systematic study of

solid Earth, the water on it,

and the air around it,

as well as Earth's place

in the universe.

Term
GEOLOGY
Definition

The study of solid Earth,

including Earth's surface

and interior.

Term
METEOROLOGY
Definition

The study of Earth's atmosphere

and its changing conditions.

Term
OCEANOGRAPHY
Definition

The study of the characteristics

and dynamics of Earth's oceans,

which cover about 70%

of the planet.

Term
ASTRONOMY
Definition
The study of the motions of planet Earth and objects outside Earth.
Term
ECOLOGY
Definition

The study and protection

of the environment.

Term
OBSERVATION
Definition

A piece of information

obtained directly

through our

senses.

Term
QUALITATIVE
Definition

Observation that is

relative,

but

not

specific.

Term
QUANTITATIVE
Definition

Observation

when you count

objects or make a

measurement.

Term

INTERNATIONAL

SYSTEM OF

MEASUREMENT

(SI)

Definition

A decimal system of

measurement.

(These mix of units are related

in multiples of 10.)

Term
EQUATOR
Definition

An imaginary line

around Earth

located halfway

between the poles.

Term
AXIS
Definition

An imaginary straight line

through the planet

between the North Pole

and the South Pole.

Term
GRAVITY
Definition

The force of attraction

that every object

in the universe

exerts on

every other object.

Term
WEIGHT
Definition

Equal to the

gravity (g) times (x) mass (m)

Term
LITHOSPHERE
Definition

The land, or solid part

of Earth.

Term
HYDROSPHERE
Definition

Includes oceans, rivers and

streams, ponds and lakes,

and other bodies of water,

covering about 70%

of the lithosphere.

Term
ATMOSPHERE
Definition

The shell of gases

that surrounds

Earth.

Term
TROPOSPHERE
Definition

The lowest layer of the Earth,

which becomes cooler

as you rise to the top.

Term
TROPOPAUSE
Definition

The top boundary

of the troposphere,

at which the temperature

decrease stops.

Term
STRATOSPHERE
Definition

The layer above the

troposphere which has

strong, steady winds,

such as jet stream.

Term
STRATOPAUSE
Definition

The lower end of the stratosphere

is as cold as the top of the

tropopause, but it warms up

as you rise to its top.

Term
MESOSPHERE
Definition

The next layer after the stratosphere,

in which temperature

decreases with height.

Term
THERMOSPHERE
Definition

The next layer after the stratosphere,

in which temperature

increases with height.

Term
BIOSPHERE
Definition

All living things

are part of this

on Earth.

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