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Earth Science Definitions
Rachel Scheitrum - May 2012
29
Science
8th Grade
05/05/2012

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Term
Transported Soil
Definition
Soil that formed from parent material left by winds, rivers or glaciers.
Term
Parent Material
Definition
Rock material from which oil is formed.
Term
Oxidation
Definition
Chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances.
Term
Topsoil
Definition
The a-horizon of soil.
Term
Soil Profile
Definition
A cross section of soil layers that displays all soil horizons.
Term
Soil
Definition
Loose weathered rock and organic material in which plants with roots can grow.
Term
Residual Soil
Definition
Soil whose parent material is the local bedrock beneath it.
Term
Abrasion
Definition
The weathering away of rock material by grinding action.
Term
Chemical Weathering
Definition
Weathering process where decomposing rocks change into different substances.
Term
Weathering
Definition
The breakup of rock due to exposure to processes that occur at or near earths's surface.
Term
Acid Rain
Definition
Rainwater containing high levels of acid made from pollution.
Term
Exfoliation
Definition
The peeling of surface layers from exposed bedrock.
Term
Frost Wedging
Definition
Weathering process in which water freezes in cracks of rock wedging it apart.
Term
Mechanical Weathering
Definition
The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces of the same material and composition.
Term
Soil Fertility
Definition
The ability of soil to grow plants.
Term
Mud Flow
Definition
The downslope movement of water containing large amounts of clay and silt.
Term
Soil Depletion
Definition
The process by which soil gradually becomes so lacking or depleted in nutrients that it can no longer grow a crop.
Term
Volcanic Neck
Definition
The solidified lava filling of the central vent of an extinct volcano.
Term
Salinization
Definition
The measure of the dissolved salts in water.
Term
Mass Movement
Definition
The downslope transportation of large masses of earth materials by gravity.
Term
Talus
Definition
Cliff rock fragments pulled loose by weathering and gravity.
Term
Creep
Definition
The slow movement of soil down a slope.
Term
Earthflow
Definition
The downslope movement of a mass of earth materials saturated with water.
Term
Slump
Definition
A mass movement in which a block of land tilts and moves downhill along a curved surface or slope.
Term
Landslide
Definition
The rapid movement of a mass of bedrock or loose rock sliding down a steep slope.
Term
Erosion
Definition
The removal and transport of materials by natural agents such as wind and running water.
Term
Subsoil
Definition
The B-horizon of soil.
Term
Soil Horizon
Definition
A soil layer with physical and chemical properties that differ from those of adjacent soil layers.
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
Chemical decomposition in which a compound is split into other compounds by reacting with water.
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