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Early Foreign Policy and WW I
review note cards for Chapters 20 and 21
66
History
11th Grade
03/10/2009

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Term
Rough Riders
Definition
Calvary unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the war with Spain in Cuba
Term
Yellow Fever
Definition
Disease carried by mosquitos that threatened the workers on the Panama Canal
Term
Hawaiian League
Definition
They worked to overthrow Queen Lil and persuade the U.S. to annex her islands
Term
Valeriano Wyler
Definition
Nicknamed "The Butcher" by the American press, he was the Spanish general in charge of Cuba
Term
Nobel Peace Prize
Definition
Roosevelt won this for helping to negotiate an end to the Russo-Japanese War
Term
Veracruz
Definition
Location of the first armed conflict between U.S. and Mexican soldiers
Term
Emilliano Zapata
Definition
Leader of American Indian peasants fighting for land
Term
Organic Act
Definition
A.K.A. The Philippine Government Act, established a governor and two-house legislature on the islands
Term
President McKinley
Definition
He originally opposed any American support for Cuban rebels
Term
Carranza's Constitution
Definition
This attempted to provide protection for workers
Term
Boxers
Definition
"Americanization" of the Fists of Righteous Harmony, China's secret society to protect its culture
Term
Commodore Dewey
Definition
Then Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, ordered him to attack the Philippines
Term
William Randolph Hearst
Definition
Newspaperman who believed newspapers could have a great influence in controlling the nation's actions.
Term
Platt Amendment
Definition
Turned Cuba into an American protectorate
Term
Self-governing Commonwealth
Definition
The Foraker Act and Jones Act attempted to create this is Puerto Rico
Term
Secretary of State John Hay
Definition
His negotiations with Columbia began the U.S. efforts to build the Panama Canal
Term
Philippe Bunau-Varilla
Definition
Left-over French engineer and "frontman" for the U.S.-backed "Panamanian Revolution"
Term
William Gorgas
Definition
His experiences as an Army doctor in Cuba helped improve the health of workers on the Panama Canal
Term
"Pathway between the Seas"
Definition
Nickname for the Panama Canal
Term
Theodore Roosevelt
Definition
used the West African proverb "speak softly but carry a big stick" as his foreign policy theme
Term
Porfirio Diaz
Definition
Directly responsible for making improvements in the mining, petroleum, and railroad industries in Mexico
Term
ABC Powers
Definition
They were comprised of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile
Term
Diseases
Definition
Much like the native Americans, thousands of Hawaiians died from this, brought to them by missionaries, settlers, and traders
Term
Bayonet Constitution
Definition
The Hawaiian League forced Kalakaua to sign this at gunpoint, seriously limiting his powers as king
Term
Annexation
Definition
Like most of her people. Queen Lil was vehemently opposed the U.S. doing this. But she resigned rather then seeking any of her country's peoples killed
Term
Commodore Matthew Perry
Definition
He was sent by Millard Fillmore to open up Japan's trade to the U.S.
Term
Jose Marti
Definition
Early Cuban revolutionary, he took up the cause again while living in New York City, and returned to Cuba in 1895.
Term
Revolutionary War
Definition
To many Americans, the Cuban struggle against the Spain was a reminder of this
Term
Philippines
Definition
Although we fought a war against Spain in Cuba, the U.S. took these pacific islands as the "spoils of war".
Term
Emilio Aguinaldo
Definition
He was a Philippino nationalist who first fought with the U.S. against Spain, then tried to drive the Americans out of his islands.
Term
Francisco Madero
Definition
Although he was democratically elected, he was eventually murdered by Victoriano Huerta
Term
Carranza, Villa, Zapata, Obregon
Definition
All four of these men were very much divided, but all wanted to become the leader of Mexico
Term
Government of Butchers
Definition
Term used by President Wilson to explain why he would not recognize Huerta's government
Term
Nationalize
Definition
Carranza wanted to take away American businesses claims to mineral, oil, and water rights.
Term
Merchant Vessels
Definition
The convoy system was used to protect these
Term
Zimmermann note
Definition
Germany's ambassador offered an alliance with Mexico if the Mexicans tried to disrupt the American war effort
Term
Marines
Definition
Although the other branches of the U.S. military were still segregated, this branch did not let African Americans join
Term
Railroad Administration
Definition
William McAdoo was put in charge of this
Term
Irish Americans
Definition
Because of "the troubles" in the North, many of these people supported the Axis Powers
Term
John J. Pershing
Definition
Leader of the American Expeditionary Force upon its arrival in France
Term
William Jennings Bryan
Definition
Wilson's Secretary of State, he resigned because he felt our industrial support of the Allies violated our own neutrality
Term
Selective Service Act
Definition
Created mandatory conscription for males between certain ages, greatly increasing the country's ability to create an military force
Term
Fuel Administration
Definition
This was headed by Harry Garfield
Term
Food Administration
Definition
This organization was headed by Herbert Hoover
Term
Powder Keg
Definition
This was the term used to describe the very tense situation in the Balkans, which seemed ready to explode
Term
Militarism
Definition
The desire for nations to develop more powerful armies and weapons
Term
Austria-Hungary
Definition
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand caused this country to declare war on Serbia
Term
Allied Powers
Definition
Britain, France, Russia, and later the U.S.
Term
Central Powers
Definition
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
Term
Somme
Definition
Battle in July 1916 which attempted to sap the Axis reserves
Term
U-boats
Definition
It was Germany's decision to start unlimited warfare using these that caused America to break off diplomatic relations
Term
Women
Definition
These people made a tremendous impact as volunteers for the Red Cross, YMCA, and at hospitals
Term
The Red Baron
Definition
Nickname given to Baron von Richthofen, and ace in the German Air Force
Term
Lusitania
Definition
Although its cargo was contraband, the sinking of this was considered the first threat to U.S. neutrality
Term
Liberty Bonds
Definition
These certificates of indebtedness were sold by celebrities to help the government pay for the war
Term
War Industries Board
Definition
This was actually created to oversee the work of all the other wartime administrations that were created
Term
Women's suffrage
Definition
This was finally achieved with the passage of the 19th Amendment
Term
Great Migration
Definition
The term used for the influx of African Americans from the South, looking for jobs in northern industries during the war
Term
First Amendment
Definition
Although many thought the Sedition Act and Espionage Act violated this, the Supreme Court ruled them constitutional
Term
Nationalism
Definition
Because many European territories were formed based on cultural heritage of their people, this feeling was increased
Term
Verdun
Definition
The longest battle of World War I
Term
Trench warfare
Definition
Because of this type of fighting, many soldiers died from disease and sickness
Term
Poison Gas
Definition
There were 3 different types of this, which affected people in different ways
Term
League of Nations
Definition
This organization was at the heart of Wilson's 14 Points
Term
War Reparations
Definition
The Allies demanded huge amounts of these, which step the stage for the rise of Hitler
Term
Treaty of Versailles
Definition
Although touted as a document of peace, it seriously hurt Germany and its World War I allies
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