Term
| True or False: All but the smallest of buildings have more than one thermal zone. |
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Definition
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Term
| Basic functions of HVAC Equipment |
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Definition
Maintain set temperature
Dehumidify
Humidify
Filter air supply
Add fresh air |
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Term
| Thermal zones are defined according to specific requirements of _________ and _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Thermal zones are affected by: |
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Definition
| solar orientation, building typology, climate, space use |
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Term
| Compressive Refrigeration Machine |
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Definition
contains a compressor, condenser coil, expansion valve, and evaporator coil
(NOTE: understand what this diagram is saying) |
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Term
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Definition
| allows the refrigerant to flow in either direction |
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Term
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Definition
| uses the thermal energy of the ground or groundwater to provide residential space conditioning and/or domestic water heating |
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Term
| 3 parts of a geo-exchange system: |
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Definition
1. ground heat exchanger
2. heat pump unit
3. air delivery system (piping and ductwork) |
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Term
| _______________ use the constant temperature of the earth as the exchange medium instead of the outside air temperature. |
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Definition
| Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) |
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Term
| Depending on latitude, ground temperatures range from ___ to ___ year round |
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Definition
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Term
| geo exchange: closed loop system |
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Definition
| a ground heat exchange method in which the transfer fluid is permanently contained in a closed piping system |
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Term
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Definition
| ground heat exchange method in which the heat transfer fluid is part of a larger environment; this type of system uses well or surface body water as the heat exchange fluid that circulates directly through the GHP system |
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Term
| 3 types of cooling systems |
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Definition
1. all-air systems
2. all-water systems
3. air-water systems |
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Term
| cooling systems: evaporative condenser |
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Definition
| water is sprayed over the hot condenser coils |
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Term
| cooling systems: direct refrigerant/direct expansion/dx system |
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Definition
small-med. bldgs
indoor air is blown directly over the evaporative coil
outdoor air is blown directly over the condenser coil |
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Term
| cooling systems: packaged systems |
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Definition
| this type of unit can contain both heating and cooling equipment |
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Term
| cooling systems: split systems |
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Definition
| condenser coil and air handling unit are separated |
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Term
| these systems have the lowest life-cycle costs of all available heating and cooling options |
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Definition
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Term
| when using a geothermal heat pump... |
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Definition
| consumption of electricity is reduced by 25-50% compared to traditional heating and cooling systems, which translates into a GHP using one unit of electricity to move three units of heat from the earth |
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Term
| GHP systems are very effective in humid areas because they improve humidity control by maintaining about 50% relative indoor humidity |
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Definition
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Term
| geo exchange: closed loop: horizontal |
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Definition
| used when soil conditions make vertical loops impractical, deep trenches are created in open areas to house horizontal closed loop systems (usually requires a great deal of land) |
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Term
| geo exchange: closed loop: pond/lake |
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Definition
if the site has an adequate water body, this may be the lowest cost option
a supply line pipe is run underground from the building to the water and coiled into circles at least 8 feet under the surface to prevent freezing |
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Term
| geo exchange: closed loop: vertical |
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Definition
large commercial buildings and schools often use this system because of minimal land area
these are used where the soil is too shallow for trenching, and they minimize the disturbance to existing landscaping |
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Term
| this type of system uses ground water, reclaimed water, or surface water as the heat transfer medium |
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Definition
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Term
| in an open loop system, once the heat exchange fluid has circulated through the system, the water returns to the ground through the well, a recharge well, or surface discharge |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 types of all-air systems (cooling) |
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Definition
1. single duct CAV
2. single duct VAV
3. terminal reheat
4. multi-zone system
5. double duct system |
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Term
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Definition
| all-air system with CAV (constant air volume) that is basically a one zone system (small-med bldgs) |
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Term
| single duct VAV (variable air volume) |
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Definition
| has many possible zones; dampers in the control box adjust air flows to zones based upon temperature settings and thermostats |
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Term
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Definition
| instead of VAV boxes, has strip heaters or hot-water coils reheating air that was previously cooled; specific control of temp. at a high cost - energy |
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Term
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Definition
| each zone has its own duct; air is delivered at the accurate tem. through a mix of hot and cold air |
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Term
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Definition
instead of mixing the air, this system provides both hot and cold air to a mixing box within each zone, where it is controlled to the necessary temp
(very expensive) |
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Term
| 3 types of air water systems (cooling) |
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Definition
1. induction
2. fan-coil with air
3. radiant panels with air |
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Term
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Definition
| small quantity/high velocity of air to each zone is supplied |
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Term
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Definition
| ventilation is through an all air system with fan-coils at perimeter spaces |
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Term
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Definition
reverse conception of radiant heating
air is primarily used to control humidity and keep condensation from occuring |
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Term
| 3 types of radiant panels with air |
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Definition
1. core cooled
2. capillary tubes
3. panel systems |
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Term
| 2 types of all-water systems (cooling) |
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Definition
1. fan-coil
2. water loop heat pump |
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Term
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Definition
| system consists of a fan and a thermostatically controlled water coil; typ. under window units |
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Term
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Definition
appropriate in climates where the simultaneous heating of some zones and cooling of others is common
each one is controlled by its own water to air heat pump |
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Term
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Definition
place equip. on roof
or
use a MER centrally located to minimize duct sizes and place it along an outside wall for easy servicing
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Term
for large multistory bldgs
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Definition
place the centrally mechanical equip. in basement, roof, or on intermediate floors
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Term
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Definition
use one ton of cooling capacity for each 500 ft2 of a standard house
use one ton of cooling capacity for each 1000 ft2 of a modern house
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Term
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) RULES:
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Definition
1.Avoid toxic cleaning materials
2.Avoid storing toxic materials indoors
3.Avoid specifying building materials that will off-gas
4.Avoid specifying furniture that will off-gas
5.Do not use unvented heaters
6.Prevent water leaks (keep the building dry)
7.Dehumidify air if relative humidity is over 80 percent
8.Minimize radon entry into the building
9.Use exhaust fans where pollutants are generated
10.Use ventilation to remove any remaining pollutants
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