Term
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Definition
ROM is the amount of motion that is
available at any given joint |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| AROM is the amount of joint motion attained by voluntary joint motion |
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Term
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Definition
| PROM is the amount of joint motion attained by an examiner without any assistance from the client |
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Term
examine ROM
Provides Info Regarding |
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Definition
-muscle strength
-coordination
-willingness to move
-ability to follow directions
-level of consciousness
-attention span
-joint ROM |
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Term
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Definition
-muscle weakness
-pain
-edema
-restricted joint mobility |
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Term
Assessment of PROM
Provides info about: |
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Definition
-integrity of articular surfaces
-extensibility of joint capsule, ligaments,
& muscles |
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Term
assess PROM
Additional points |
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Definition
-PROM is usually slightly greater than
AROM
-Comparison of PROM & AROM is useful especially with hands to determine soft tissue vs. bony vs. joint pathology |
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Term
ROM data can provide a basis for
(with other info) |
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Definition
-Determining the presence or absence of
dysfunction
-Establishing a diagnosis
-Developing treatment goals
-Evaluating progress
-Modifying treatment
-Researching effectiveness of therapy
-Determining orthoses and/or adaptive equipment |
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Term
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Definition
-Introduction, explanation, and
demonstration
-Place subject in recommended test position
-Have client perform AROM and observe
for substitutions/quality of motion
*Always check AROM before PROM* |
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Term
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Definition
Expose joint
-Stabilize proximal joint segment if
necessary and move limb through its
PROM
*Always check AROM before PROM*
-note crepitus, examine end feel |
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Term
ROM
Instructions 3-Goniometry PART 1 |
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Definition
-Palpate and identify landmarks
-Align goniometer with its axis on the joint
axis
-Stationary arm is aligned parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the proximal limb
segment
-Moving arm is aligned parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the distal limb segment
-Read and record starting position. -Remove goniometer. |
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Term
ROM
Instructions 3-Goniometry PART 2 |
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Definition
-Stabilize proximal component
- Move distal component through the full
AROM/PROM
-Replace and realign goniometer. Palpate
anatomical landmarks if necessary.
-Record AROM/PROM
-Compared ROM to the opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
Include start and end position to define the joint range
-A motion that begins at 0 and ends at 150 is recorded as 0-150
-A motion that begins at 20 and ends at 120 is recorded as 20-120 (some may record -20ยบ extension)
-If hyperextension occurs (e.g. elbow), record as 20-0-150 |
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Term
Recording ROM continued
The Joint does not need to be measured w/device |
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Definition
| If joint does not need to be measured with a device, the ROM may be recorded as full, WFLs, WNLs |
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Term
Recording ROM continued
Spaces on a ROM form |
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Definition
Every space on a ROM form should have a
notation. Use NT if not tested. |
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Term
Recording ROM continued
On forms, PROM first! |
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Definition
Usually, PROM is recorded before AROM
(even though active range is examined first)
knee flexion = 0-120/10-95 |
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Term
ROM
Reliability of Measurements-Inter vs. Intra |
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Definition
Intratester .74-.90
Intertester always lower than intratester reliability |
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Term
ROM
Reliability of Measurements-Depends on joint |
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Definition
| Hinge joints (knee/elbow) more reliable than multiaxis joints such as shoulder and ankle |
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Term
ROM
Reliability of Measurement-Depends on Motion |
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Definition
Depends on motion
Shoulder flexion/abduction>extension
Ankle dorsi/plantarflexion>inversion/eversion |
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Term
ROM
Reliability of Measurment-Depends on test position |
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Definition
Straight leg raise changes with opposite leg position
Shoulder range in sitting versus supine |
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Term
ROM
Ways to improve reliability of measure |
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Definition
Standardize positions
Stabilize proximal body parts
Use bony landmarks to align goniometer
Use same examiner (intratester reliability) |
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Term
Factors affecting ROM
Pathologies |
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Definition
Pathological conditions such as pain and
inflammation |
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Term
Factors affecting ROM
Psychoemotional Factors |
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Definition
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Term
Factors affecting ROM
Lifestage |
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Definition
Age
infants/young children - Usually hypermobile.
vs. adults vs. older
adults-decrease in ROM |
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Term
Factors affecting ROM
Gender |
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Definition
| Males usually less flexible than female |
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Term
Precautions for ROM
Part 1 |
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Definition
Infection or inflammatory process in a joint
Medication for muscle relaxation & pain
Osteoporosis (esp. PROM)
Joint hypermobility |
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Term
Precautions for ROM
Part 2 |
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Definition
Pain
Hemophilia
Joint in region of hematoma
Immediately after an injury where
disruption of soft tissue, tendon, muscle or ligament is suspected
Cervical sprain |
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Term
Probable Contraindications for
ROM |
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Definition
Region of dislocation or unhealed fracture
Immediately following surgical procedures to tendon, ligament, muscle, joint capsule
Myositis ossificans |
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Term
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Definition
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