Term
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Definition
| The ability of atrial and ventricular muscle cells to shorten their five length in response to electrical stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to transmit an electrical stimulus from cell membrane to cell membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of cardiac cells to generate an electrical impulse spontaneously and repetitively. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ventricular depolarization |
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Definition
| Representation of QRS wave |
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Term
| Ventricular repolarization |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where atrial repolarization occurs |
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Term
| What are the 3 causes of tachydysrhythmias? |
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Definition
| Hypoxemia of cardiac tissues, chemical toxicity, and stretch |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of tachydysrhythmia caused by hypoxemia of cardiac tissues? |
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Definition
| Physical activity, fever, anxiety, respiration dysfunction, shock, and sepsis |
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Term
| What are symptoms of dysrhythmias caused by chemical toxicity? |
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Definition
| Drug toxicity, electrolyte embalance, and stress |
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Term
| What are symptoms of tachydysrhythmia caused by stretch? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect of tachydysrhythmia? |
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Definition
| Decreased cardiac output, damage to cardiac tissues |
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Term
| What are 4 causes of bradycardias? |
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Definition
| Ischemia or infarction, electrolyte embalance, drug toxicity, and parasympathetic stimulation |
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Term
| What is the effect of bradycardias? |
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Definition
| Drop in cardiac output, breakthrough of dangerous ventricular dysrhythmias |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions involved with bradycardias? |
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Definition
| Assess patient, give 02 and monitor 02 stats, start IV, and notify MD |
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Term
| What medication administration will you give for bradycardia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some risks involved with sinus tachycardia? |
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Definition
| Cardiac output may fall due to inadequate ventricular filling time, the myocardial oxygen demand will increase, and can predict myocardial infarction |
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Term
| What does a T wave shorter than a P wave signify? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are treatments administered to a patient with sinus dysrhythmias? |
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Definition
| Atropine and pacemaker (if the patient is symptomatic) |
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Term
| When the heart rate will increase upon inspiration and decrease upon expiration is an indication for what heart rhythm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of sinus arrhythmia? |
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Definition
| Respiratory and non-respiratory |
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Term
| Which sinus arrhythmia is more common in younger individuals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sinus arrhythmia is indicative for having the respirations not in sync with the heart rate? |
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Definition
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Term
| All complexes appear normal, PR interval is greater than .20 |
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Definition
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Term
| What are causes of 1 degree AV block? |
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Definition
| Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers |
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Term
P wave may not be seen
Rapid ventricular rate
Regular rhythm
Sudden onset
Indication:
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Definition
| Supraventricular Tachycardia or Paroxysmal SVT |
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Term
| What are the treatment interventions for Supraventricular Tachycardia? |
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Definition
Vagal stimulation
Adenosine
Beta blocker
Digoxin
Calcium channel blocker
Cardioversion if stable |
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Term
| What treatment intervention is able to stop and reset the AV node? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are nursing interventions associated with supraventricular tachycardia? |
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Definition
| Assess the patient, O2 adminstration, vagal stimulation, start IV, notify MD, and prep for cardioversion |
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Term
Ectopic atrial beat that appears early in the cycle
P present, but shaped differently
PR length different
QRS usually appears the same
Indication: |
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Definition
| Premature Atrial Contractions (PAC) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sinus node is not initiating impulse. Multiple sites in the atria, multiple atrial waves with rest of conduction normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Same as atrial fibrillation. However, atrial impulses are regular (sawtooth appearance) |
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Term
| What are some concerns associated with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter? |
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Definition
| Hypotension, decreased cardiac output r/t loss of atrial kick, and thrombus formation. |
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Term
| What are treatment interventions for atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation? |
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Definition
Diltiazem bolus and gtt
Beta blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Anticoagulants (heparin, lovenox)
Cardioversion, Ablation, and Pacing |
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Term
| What nursing interventions are done with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter? |
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Definition
| Assess the patient, 02 administration, start IV, notify MD, and prepare for cardioversion |
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Term
| What are some SE of calcium channel blockers? |
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Definition
| Decreased BP, decreased HR, and heart block |
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Term
| What are the treatment goals for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter? |
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Definition
| Return to sinus rhythm, ventricular rate control |
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Term
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Definition
| Cath lab tries to eliminate pathway to stop atrial fibrillation by cauterization. |
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Term
Irregular rhythm
No P wave
No PR interval
Indication: |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal rhythm with abnormal beats added in after a compensatory pause. |
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Definition
| Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC) |
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Term
| What is the 2nd most common tachyarrhythmia? |
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Definition
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Term
Regular rhythm
P wave is present
No PR interval
Sawtooth pattern
Indication: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| PVC originates from the same site and same configuration |
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Term
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Definition
| PVC originates from different site and different shapes |
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Term
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Definition
PVC is paired or coupled rhythm; a repeating pattern of two beats, with PVC and normal beats alternating
Normal, PVC, normal, PVC, normal |
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Term
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Definition
Rhythm with repeating pattern of three beats; ratio of PVC's to normal beats is 2:1 or 1:2
Normal, norma, PVC, normal, normal, PVC |
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Term
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Definition
| PVC that fall between two normal beats without interrupting the rhythm-slow rates |
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Term
| When do you notify the physician in a PVC episode? |
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Definition
| When there are more than 6 per min. |
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Term
| What are treatment interventions for PVC's? |
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Definition
| Observation and antiarrhythmias |
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Term
| What does 6 PVC in a row indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
Rate 140-220
Rhythm is regular
P waves are usually burried within the QRS
QRS waves are wide and bizzare
Indication: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are treatment interventions for ventricular tachycardia? |
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Definition
Cardioversion (if pulse, BP)
Procainamide (if pulse)
Amiadarone (antidysrhythmic)
Defibrillation (if no pulse present)
CPR, CPR, and more CPR |
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Term
No indentifiable QRS
Rapid, chaotic waves, bizarre in configuration
Rapidly fatal within 3-5 mins
Indication: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are treatment interventions for ventricular fibrillation? |
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Definition
Defibrillate
Epinephrine or Vasopressin
CPR, CPR, and more CPR |
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Term
Rate is 20-40 bpm
Rhythm is regular
P waves are usually buried
QRS is wide and distorted
Indication: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are treatment interventions for idioventricular? |
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Definition
| Notify MD if new findings occur. |
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Term
Straight (or slightly wavy) baseline
No idenitifiable waves
Indication: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are treatment interventions for asystole? |
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Definition
CPR
Epinephrine
Confirm asystole in at least 2 leads |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are signs and symtpoms of asystole? |
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Definition
| no palpable pule, no measureable Bp, and loss of consciousness |
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Term
| Pulseless Electrical Activity |
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Definition
| Determines when there is a rhythm without a pulse |
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Term
| What are treatment interventions for PEA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Hypo/hyperkalemia
Toxins
Tamponade
Thrombosis
Trauma
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