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Definition
A person or other living organism that can be infected by an infectious agent under natural conditions and sometimes experimental conditions
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Term
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Definition
A factor, such as a microorganism, chemical substance, or form of radiation, whose presence, excessive presence, or relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease.
- anything that can cause a disease |
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Definition
An extrinsic factor (geology, climate, insects, sanitation, health services, etc.) which affects the agent and the opportunity for exposure
- anything not agent but outside factors influencing exposure of infection |
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Term
| Transmission of Infection |
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Definition
| - Any mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread through the environment or to another person |
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Definition
| The specific site in or on the body where an infection originates |
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Definition
| To gain entry to the body, pathogens must either (1) infect cells in one of the body surfaces (skin, respiratory mucosa, alimentary tract), (2) otherwise breach the surgace (by trauma, bite, or injection), or (3) be transmitted congenitally. |
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Definition
| Transmission of an infection from one person to another of the same generation in the same population |
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Definition
| Transmission of a disease from mother to child either during pregnancy, childbirth, or by breastfeeding |
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Definition
Exposure to a source of an infection, or a person who is exposed
- direct touch (host to host or object to host) |
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Definition
| The immediate transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread |
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Definition
The transmission of an agent carried from a reservoir to a susceptible host by suspending air particles or by animate (vector) or inanimate (vehicle) intermediaries.
(Indirect is the same as direct except some intermediate step is involved in the transfer of the pathogen)
ex/ mosquito (vector) |
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Definition
The direct transmission of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host by spray with relatively large, short-randed aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or talking
less than 1 meter |
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Definition
| The residue of dried droplets that may remain suspended in the air for long periods, may be blown over great distances, and are easily inhaled into the lungs and exhaled. |
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Definition
An animate intermediary in the indirect transmission of an agent that carries the agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host
(Vector: usually arthropod, intermediate host)
Mechanical: ex/ flies
Biological: ex/ mosquitos |
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Definition
| Refers to a route of administration that involves piercing the skin or mucous membrane |
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Definition
| Infectious agent that is shed by the infected host in feces and acquired by the susceptible host through ingestion of contaminated foods or other materials |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs when bacteria, viruses or other pathogens travel on dust particles or on small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when people sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhale.
They hang in the air much like invisible smoke.
They can travel on air currents over considerable distances.
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Definition
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Definition
A person or animal without apparent disease who harbors a specific infectious agent and is capable of transmitting the agent to others
The carrier state may be of short or long duration (transient carrier or chronic carrier) |
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Definition
Refer to adverse effects or complications caused by or resulting from medical treatment or advise.
In addition to harmful consequences of actions by physicians, iatrogenesis can also refer to actions by other healthcare professionals, such as psychologist, therapist, pharmacists, nurses, dentist, etc. |
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Definition
| The proportion of persons exposed to a causative agent who become infected by an infectious disease |
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Definition
| An infectious disease that is transmissible under normal conditions from animals to humans |
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Definition
Refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group
May also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease within such area or group |
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Definition
| An increase in rate of expected infection or disease in an area over a specific time |
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Definition
| Multiple epidemics over a great geographic area |
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| Why do we study disease transmission? |
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Definition
| Implementing proper infection control measures |
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Term
| Ways to classify disease transmission |
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Definition
1. Vertical vs Horizontal
2. Portal of entry
3. Mode of infection |
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Term
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Definition
1. Contact
(Direct, Indirect, Droplet)
2. Vehicle
(Water borne, Airborne, Foodborne)
3. Vector
(Mechanical, Biologicial)
4. Fecal-Oral
5. Iatrogenic |
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Term
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Definition
Airborne (more than 1 meter)
Foodborne
Waterborne |
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