Term
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Definition
| The product of fermentation of natural sugars. It is generally reffered to simply as alcohol though several types of nonethyl alochol exist |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of converting natural sugars into ehtyl alcohol by the action of yeasts |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of producing beer from barely grain |
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Definition
| Barley after it has been soaked in water, sprouts have grown, sprouts have been removed and the mixture has been dried and crushed to a powder |
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Definition
| Fermented barley malt, following liquification and combination with yeasts |
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Definition
| A process by which fermented liquid is boiled and then cooled, so that the condensed product contains a higher alcoholic concentration than before |
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Definition
| The liquid product of distillation, also known as liquor |
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Definition
| A brandy, the first distilled liquor in recorded history |
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Definition
| The social movement in the US beginning in the nineteenth century, that advocated the renunciation of alochol consumption |
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Definition
| Chemical process in alcohol metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme in the stomach and liver that converts alcohol into acetaldehyde |
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Term
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Definition
| A by-product of alcohol metabolism, produced through the action of alcohol dehydrogenase |
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Term
| Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase |
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Definition
| An enzyme in the liver that converts acetaldehyde into acetic acid in alcohol metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| A by-product of alcohol metabolism, produced through the action of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. |
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Term
| Blood-alcohol concentration |
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Definition
| The number of grams of alcohol in the blood relative to 100 milliliters of blood, expressed as a percentage |
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Term
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| A hormone that acts to reabsorb water in the kidneys prior to excretion from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition resulting from excessive reabsorption of water in the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonethyl alcohols, oils, and other organic substances found in trace amounts in some distilled spirits |
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Term
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Definition
| An experimental design that can separate psychological effects (due to subjective expectations) and physiological effects (due to pharmacology of drug) |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which the consumption of alochol has produced major psychological, physical, social, or occupational problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern of alcohol consumption aimed at reducing stress and anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| A sundrome characterized primarily by the continued use of alcohol despite the drinker's knowledge of having a persistent physical problem or some social or occupational difficult. |
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Term
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Definition
| A syndrome in which alcohol abuse involves a varietey of significant physical, psychological, social, and behavior problems. |
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Term
| Alcohol withdrawal syndrome |
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Definition
| The more common of two general reactions to the cessation of alcohol consumption in an alcoholic. It is characterized by physiological discomfort, seizures, and sleep disturbances. |
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Term
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Definition
| The less common of two general reactions to the cessation of drinking in an alcoholic. It is characterized by extreme disorientation and confusion, fever, hallucinations, and other symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which fat deposits accumulate in the liver as a result of chronic alcohol abuse. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease involving inflammation of the liver as a result of chronic alcohol abuse. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease involving scarring and deterioration of liver cells as a result of chronic alcohol abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which chronic alcohol abuse produces cognitive deficits such as difficulties in problem solving and memory. |
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Term
| Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome |
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Definition
| A condition resulting from chronic alcohol consumption, characterized by disorientation, cognitive deficits, amnesia, and motor difficulty. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to make up elaborate past histories to cover the fact that long-term memory has been impaired. |
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Term
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Definition
| A serious condition involving mental retardation and facial-crainial malformations in the offspring of an alcoholic mother |
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Term
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Definition
| Capable of producing specific birth defects |
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Term
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Definition
| A cognitive deficiency in the offspring of an alcoholic mother. It is regarded as less serious than fetal alcohol syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A way of understanding a phenomenon in terms of complex interacting relationships among individuals, family, friends, and community. |
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Term
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Definition
| A concept that individuals who live with a person having an alcohol dependence suffer themselves from difficulties of self-image and social interdependence. |
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Term
| Children of Alcoholics (COAs) |
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Definition
| Individuals who grew up in a family with either one or two alcoholic parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| The likelihood that one member of a twin or family relations will have a condition if the other one has it |
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Term
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Definition
| A medications that causes severe physical reactions and discomfort when combined with alcohol. Brand name is Antabuse |
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Term
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Definition
| A long-lasting opiate antagonist for the treatment of alcoholism. Brand name is RevVia. Brand name for an extended relase injectable form is Vivitrol. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long lasting opiate antagonist for the treatment of alcoholism. Brand name is Revex |
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Term
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Definition
| A GABA-related drug for the treatment of alcoholism. Brand name is Campral |
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Term
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Definition
| A serotonin-related drug for the treatment of alcoholism. Brand name is Zofran |
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Term
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Definition
| An alcoholism and other drug-abuse treatment program emphasizing a nonspiritual philosophy and a greater sense of personal control in the abuser, SMART stands for "Self Management And Recovery Training" |
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Term
| Member assistance programs (MAPs) |
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Definition
| Insitutional programs for workers or employees to help them with alcohol or other drug-abuse problems, set up by established unions within the organization and tailored for union members |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Secondhand smoke, aka environmental tobacco smoke |
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Term
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Definition
| Directly from cigarettes or other tobacco products |
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Term
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Definition
| Those components of smoke that consist of particles |
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Term
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Definition
| A sticky material found in the particulate phase of tobacco smoke and other pollutants in the air |
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Term
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Definition
| The portion of tobacco smoke that consists of gases |
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Term
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Definition
| An extremely toxic gas that prevents blood cells from carrying oxyen from the lungs to the rest of the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The process of pushing back foreign particles that might interfere with breathing upward from the air passages into the throat, where they can be swallowed and excreted through the gastrointestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| The prime physcoactive drug in tobacco products |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that smokers will adjust their smoking of cigarettes so as to maintain a steady input of nicotine into the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease that damages the heart as a result of a restriction of blood flow through coronary arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease in which blood flow is restricted because the walls of arteries harden and lose their elasticity |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood flow is restricted because of the build up of fatty deposits inside the arteries. |
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Term
| Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
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Definition
| A group of diseases characterized by imparied breathing due to an abnormality in the air passages |
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Term
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Definition
| Respiratory disease involving inflammation of bronchial tissue following a buildup of excess mucus in air passages. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enlargement of air sacs in the lungs and abnormalities in the air sac walls, causing great difficulty in breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancerous tumors or growths |
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Term
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Definition
| Small white spots inside the mouth and nasal cavity, indicating precancerous tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small red spots inside the mouth and nasal cavity, indicating precancerous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of carcinogenic compounds found in tobacco |
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Term
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Definition
| A family of CNS stimulant drugs taht contain caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine |
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Term
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Definition
| A xanthine stimulant found in chocolate |
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Term
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Definition
| Xanthine stimulant found in small amounts in tea. It is used as an anti-asthma medication |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of coffee bean native to the Middle East but now grown principally in South America. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of coffee bean grown principally in Indonesia, Brazil, and Africa |
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Term
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Definition
| The plant from which tea leaves are obtained |
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Term
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Definition
| Parts of the cocao tree that are the raw material for cocoa and chocolate. Not to be confused with coca, the source of cocaine. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inhibitory neurotransmitter that is blocked, or neturalized, by caffeine and other xanthines. The action on adenosine receptors in the bdoy is the basis for the stimulant properties of these drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dangerous state of overstimulation from a very large dose of caffeine |
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Term
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Definition
| An analgesic gas commonly used in dentistry. Laughing gas |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficiency in oxygen intake |
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Term
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Definition
| An anesthetic drug, first introduced to surgical practice by William T Morton in the 1840s. Highly flammable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in nail polish removers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A carcinogenic compound found in many solvent products. Serious health risk when inhaled. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dangerous compound present in many glues and adhesive products, inhalation of these products has been associated with muscular weakness and atrophy |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound in glues, cements, and other adhesive products. Inhalation of these products results in behavioral and neurological impairments. |
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Term
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Definition
| A gasoline additive. Inhalation of TCP containing gasoline has been linked to spastic muscle disorders and liver problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| An additive in Testor brand hobby-kit glues that produces nasal irritation when inhaled, thus reducing the potential for inhalant abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| An inhalant drug taht relaxes smooth muscle and produces euphoria. Clinically useful in treating angina pain in cardiac patients |
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Term
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Definition
| An inhalant drug in similiar in its effect to amyl nitrite. Euphoric feelings. |
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