Term
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Definition
| Heroin, LSD, Marijuana, MDMA (XTC) |
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Term
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Definition
| Morphine, Cocaine, Ritalin, Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, Oxycontin |
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Term
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Definition
| Anabolic Steroids, Marinol |
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Term
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Definition
| Benzodiazepines, Prescription Sleep Aids |
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Term
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Definition
| Codeine-containing cough medicines, Antidiarrheals |
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Term
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Definition
Depress CNS activity leading to decreased physiological activity and sedation
Ex. alcohol, barbituates, benzodiazepines |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates CNS leading to increases in physiological processes and motor behavior
Ex. Cocaine, Amphetamine, Caffeine, Nicotine |
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Term
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Definition
Increases activity in the opiate system leading to pain suppression, euphoria, well-being, and respiratory depression
Ex. Heroin, Codeine, Morphine, Vicodin |
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Term
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Definition
Alters mood state and perception via action on CNS
Ex. LSD (acid), Pslocibin, Phencyclidine |
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Term
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Definition
1839 - Chinese destroy shipments of English opium
1842 - Treaty of Nanking = England gets Hong Kong
1856 - 2nd opium war begins
1858 - Treaty of Tientsin |
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Term
| San Francisco Ordinance (1875) |
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Definition
| Banned opium dens, set precedence for other drug laws |
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Term
| Pure Food and Drug Act (1905) |
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Definition
| Producers of medicines had to list on package the amount of drugs in products; focused on opium, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| set precedent for drug laws |
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Term
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Definition
1950 - minor tranquilizers and inhalents
1960 - marijuana, LSD, stimulants |
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Term
| Drug Abuse Control Amendment (1965) |
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Definition
| First regulation of non-narcotic drugs; depressents, stimulants, hallucinogens |
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Term
| Controlled Substances Act (1970) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Controlled Substances Analogue Act (1986) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Taking more than intended
Unable to cut down or control
Important activities given up
Continuing use despite problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Withdrawal symptoms are opposite of the drug effect |
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Term
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Definition
| After regular use, a larger dose is required to produce a given effect; a given dose of drug has less effect upon repetition |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensitivity, insensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
Absorbtion and metabolization - dispositional
Neural Change - functional |
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Term
| Acute Tolerance (Taxiphylaxis) vs. Protracted |
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Definition
Acute - tolerance after a single dose
Protracted - tolerance occurring over repeated doses |
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Term
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Definition
When an individual has become tolerant to a drug and requires higher than normal doses of a second drug to have its effects
Ex. Barbituates and BDZ; Amph. and Cocaine; BARB or BDZ and Anethetics |
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Term
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Definition
When a drug is administered to acheieve the same outcome as that of another drug
Ex. heroin and methadone |
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Term
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Definition
Failure to fulfill obligations
Physically dangerous situations
Legal problems
Social/psychological problems
Dependence criteria not met |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Route of administration
Lipid-solubility
Form of drug (solution vs. suspension; pH) |
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Term
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Definition
Mainly in Liver
Enzymes break drugs down into metabolites - drugs that use the same enzyme interact; can be active or inactive
Occurs in an ordered manner; Half-life = amount of time taken for drug plasma level to be reduced by half |
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Term
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Definition
| Gross electrical activity in the brain; inexpensive in real time, poor at localization |
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Term
| Computerized Axial Tomography |
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Definition
| 3D X-ray; see abnormalities, no real time |
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Term
| Positron Emission Tomography |
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Definition
| Measures positron emission tracers, radiation |
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Term
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagery |
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Definition
| Maps changes in blood flow over structural images |
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Term
| Steps in Synaptic Transmission |
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Definition
1) Synthesis - soma
2) Transport = neurotransmitter down nueron
3) Storage - vesicles in axon terminals
4) Release - stimulated by action potential
5) Inactivation - reuptake or inactivation |
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Term
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Definition
Fast receptors
Close/open ion channels
Alters charge of cell |
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Term
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Definition
Slow receptors
Act through 2nd messenger chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Activates and blocks receptor |
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Term
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Definition
Competitive - blocks receptor
Non-competitive - blocks channel
Indirect Action - block reuptake, disrupt transport, storage, alter release |
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Term
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Definition
Competitive - blocks receptor
Non-competitive - blocks channel
Indirect Action - block reuptake, disrupt transport, storage, alter release |
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Term
| Chronic Effects of Tolerance |
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Definition
Depletion of transmitters
Alter transmitter production
Alter receptor density (receptors start to die)
Affect neurogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
"workhorse"
Most prevalent excitatory NT
Amino acid transmitter
Ionotropic and Metabotropic
Formation of memories
Highly toxic when out of control |
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Term
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Definition
Most prevalent inhibitory NT
Ionotropic and metabotropic
Works as an off switch
Relaxation and anti-anxiety
Many drugs target this system |
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Term
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Definition
Found in both CNS and PNS
Nicotinic receptors - ionotropic
Muscarinic receptors - metabotropic
Released at synapses on skeletal muscles and cell bodies of PNS
Learning/memory, attention, sleeping, dreaming
Implicated in Alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin (5-HT)
Melatonin
Histamine |
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Term
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Definition
Synthesized from dopamine
Metabotropic
Sympathetic nervous system
Inhibitory, primarily involved in alterness and vigilance
Involved in depression, arousal, hunger, attention, reward |
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Term
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Definition
Synthesized from dopamine
Metabotropic
Sympathetic nervous system
Inhibitory, primarily involved in alterness and vigilance
Involved in depression, arousal, hunger, attention, reward |
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Term
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Definition
Mostly inhibitory
Metabotropic
Involved with movement control, attention, and learning
Implicated in Parkinson's, schizophrenia
Most importantly: reward system of brain |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibitory NT
Facilitates and regulates motor behavior; regulation of mood, control of eating, sleeping, arousal, regulates pain |
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Term
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Definition
| MAOIs, Reserpine, SSRIs, Stimulant drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibitory
Modulate pain; breathing, heart rate, cough reflex, vomiting, olfaction, endocrine functions
Feelings of euphoria and reward |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| All effects other than main effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Graphs a measureable effect of a drug as a function of drug dose |
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Term
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Definition
| Dose of a drug required to produce a given effect (lower value = more potent) |
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Term
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Definition
Increased response to a drug with repeated use
Shifting DRC to left
Ex. cocaine |
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Term
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Definition
Dose of a drug required to produce a 1/2 maximal effect
Dose of a drug required to produce a given effect in 50% of individuals tested |
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Term
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Definition
| Dose of a drug required to produce lethality in 50% of individuals tested |
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Term
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Definition
One drug inhibits the effect of another drug
Ex. cocaine and alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
Two drugs together produce an enhanced effect
Ex. alcohol and nicotine |
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Term
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Definition
1) Discovery of compound
2) Animal studies
3) Clinical trials |
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Term
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Definition
Looks at relationship between drug actions and their effects on behavior and psychological function
Self-admin studies
Discrimination studies
Conditioned Place Preference Studies |
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Term
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Definition
Phase 1: Safety - normal volunteers
Phase 2: Efficacy - Patients (50-200) highly controlled
Phase 3: Efficiency - Patients, large scale
After 3a: FDA approval (5-18 years from discovery)
Phase 3b/4: Post-marketing safety is monitored
Patent only lasts 20 years |
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