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Drug Uses
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84
Biology
Graduate
03/26/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Broad Spectrum Antibiotics

Definition

 

 

Aminoglycosides;

Tetracylines;

Macrolides;

Lincosamide;

Fluoroquinolones;

Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxzole

Term

 

 

 

 

Antibiotics that are ONLY effective against

Gram Positive bacteria

Definition

 

 

 

 

Glycopeptides;

Macrolides;

Lincosamide

Term

 

 

 

 

 Antibiotics that are ONLY effective against

Gram Negative bacteria

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

None that we covered in this sections

Term

 

 

 

 

Antibiotics that are effective against BOTH

Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacteria

Definition

 

 

 

Aminoglycosides;

Tetracyclines;

Fluoroquinolones;

Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which penicillins are narrow spectrum?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 Penicillin G and V;

Nafcillin;

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which penicillins are Broad spectrum?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Amoxicillin;

piperacillin,

ticarcillin

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which penicillins have activity against G - bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

Pen G & V;

Amoxicillin;

Piperacillin;

Ticarcillin

Term

 

 

 

 

 

 Which penicillin is effective against G + bacteria?

Definition

 

 

Pen G & V;

Naficillin;

amoxicillin;

piperacillin; ticarcillin

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotic has activity against G + bacteria ONLY?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Naficillin

Term

 

 

 

 

Which penicillins are effective against pseudomonas ( G - cocci bacteria)?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Pen G and V

 

 

 

these are also effective against anaerobes!!!

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are not effective against mycobacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Penicillins and cephalosporins,

because they inhibit Cell Wall synthesis.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which penicillins experience synergism?

Definition

 

 

 

Amoxicillin;

piperacillin and ticarcillin

(these are broad spectrum)

 

so... the other pen's are dont experience synergism and they are Pen G & V and naficillin.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which pen is effective against wall - less bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

None, there inhibit PTG synthesis and so they produce their activity on the CW. This is the same for cephaloporins. 

Term

 

 

 

 

Which penicillin has acivity against Spirochets (which is a type of G - bacteria)?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Pen G and V

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which cephalosporins are broad spectrum?

Definition

 

 

 

Cefuroxime;

ceftriaxome;

cefazidime;

cefepime

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which cephalosporins are narrow spectrum?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Cefazolin

Term

 

 

 

 

 Which cephalosporins are less effective agianst gram negative bacteria and effective against gram positive bacteria as well? 

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

1st generation: cefazolin

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which cephalosporins are effective against gram + and - bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

2nd generation- cefuroxime;

3rd generation - ceftriaxome, ceftazidime;

4th generation - cefepime

 

 NOTE: activity against G - bacteria increases with each generations

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which cephalosporins have activity against Pseudomonas?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Ceftazidime;

cefepime

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which cephalosporins have less effect on Gram + than it has on Gram -?

 

 

(This is a trick question...sorry)

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

All 2nd generation cephalosporins

Cefuroxime

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Do cephalosporins work against mycoPLASMA?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 No, they are cell wall inhibitors, and these bacteria lack a cell wall.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which cephalosporins have activity against anaerobes?

Definition

 

 

 

Cefuroxime.. i need you opinion on this... see p 453 under 2nd gen.. clinical used column .. last paragraph.. this one isnt listed.. but the other 2 second generation drugs are..so i included it.. what do you think?

Term

 

 

 

There are 3 steps to the translation of a gene:

initiation,

elongation and

termination.

Which one of these steps is the target for aminoglycosides?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Elongation

 

Aminoglycosides are Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (PSI)

Term

 

True or False

 

 

 

Aminoglycosides are broad spectrum antibiotics

Definition

 

True

 

The aminoglycosides streptomycin, gentamycin, and tobramycin are considered

 

Moderately broad spectrum antibiotics.

Term

 

 

 

 

Are aminoglycosides, streptomyocin, gentamicin and tobramycin effective against G - , G +, None, or both?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

They are effective against both G + and G - bacteria

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Are aminoglycosides effective against Pseudomonas?

Definition

 

 

 

Yes they are effective against pseudomonas

 

 

Tobramycin is more effective than gentamycin!!

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Do aminoglycosides have an effect on anaerobic bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

No, these organism do not need oxygen. So they are not killed by aminoglycosides because they dont have a transport system to take up the drug though its cell membrane

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Do aminoglycosides have synergistic activity?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Yes

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Do aminoglycosides have an effect on wall less bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

No

Term

 

 

True/ False

 

Aminoglycosides do not have an effect on intracellular bacteria

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

True, they have no effect

Term

 

 

 

 

Aminoglycosides bind irreversibly/reversibly to which subunit on the ribosome 30S/50S?

Definition

 

 

 

 

They bind irreversibly (bacteriocidal)

to the 30S subunit

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Are glycopeptides (vancomyocin) broad or narrow spectrum?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

narrow

 

:)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Does vancomyocin, which is a glycopeptide have activity against G - or G + bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

It has activity against G + bacteria ONLY because they cannot penetrate the outer membrane of the G - bacteria

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Do glycopeptides have any activity against pseudomonas?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 No, pseudomonas are Gram Negative Cocci

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Does glycopeptides have any activity against anaerobic bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

No

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Are glycopeptides ( vancomyocin ) synergistic?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 Yes

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Do glycopeptides (vancomyocin) have any effect against wall less bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

No

Term

 

True/ False

 

 

 

Vancomyocin does not work in intracellular bacteria?

Definition

 

False

 

 

 

Glycopeptides, vancomyosin works on intracellular bacteria.

Term

 

 

True / False

 

 

 Tetracyclines are Broad spectrum drugs.

Definition

 

 

True

 

 

They are effective against many bacteria

Term

 

 

 

 

Are Tetracylclines (doxycycline) effective against G -, G +, Both or none.

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Both

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Do tetracyclines (doxycycline) have activity against Pseudomonas?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

No

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Does doxycycline experience synergism?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

No

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Is doxycycline effective against wall less bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Yes it is

Term

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are effective against MycoBACTERIA (these have a waxy cell wall)?

Definition

 

 

 

Rifampin;

Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin (Floroquinolones);

Zithromax (macrolide)

 

 

Rifampin is the primary treatment for mycobacteria

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are ineffective against Mycobacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

All penicillins and cefalosporins

and also Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are effective against anaerobic bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Pen G or V;

Clindamycin (lincosamide)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are not effective against anaerobic bacteria?

Definition

 

Doxycycline ( tetracycline);

Streptomycin, tobramycin, gentamicin (aminoglycosides); Vancomycin (Glycopeptide);

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin (amcrolides); Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin (Floroquinolones); Sulfamethoxzole and Trimethoprim

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are effective against Spirochetes?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Pen G or V

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are not effective against Spirochetes?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Sulfamethozole and Trimethoprim

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics have cross class effectiveness?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Sulfamethozole and Trimethoprim

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are effective against Pseudomonas?

Definition

 

 

 

Pen G or V; Ceftazidime, Cefepime (Cephalosporins); Streptomycin Gentamycin and Tobramycin (Aminoglycosides) Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin (Floroquinolones 3rd gen.); Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are not effective against Pseudomonas?

Definition

 

 

 

Doxycycline ( Tetracyclines);

Vancolycim (Glycopeptides);

Azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin (Macrolides); Clindamycin (Lincosamide)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are effective against

Wall Less bacteria (mycoPLASMA)?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Doxycycline (Tetracycline)

Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin (Macrolides); Ciprofloxacin, Levfloxacin (Floroquinolones)

Term

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics have no effect against wall-less bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

Penicillins & Cefalosporins (Beta lactams);

Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Tobramycin (Aminoglycosides); Vancomycin (Glycopeptide);

Clindamycin (Lincosamide)

Term

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are effective against intracellular bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

Doxycycline (tetracycline);

Vancomycin (Glycopeptide);

Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin (Macrolides); Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin (Floroquinolones)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are not effective against intracelluar bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Streptomycin, Tobramycin, Gentamycin (Aminoglycosides); Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics experience Synergism?

Definition

 

 

Amoxicillin, Piperacillin, Ticaracillin;

All Aminoglycosides (S, T, G);

Vancomycin (Glyco);

Cipro, Levo (Floro's);

Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim;

Rifampin (Rifamycin)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics do not experience Synergism?

Definition

 

 

 

Doxycycline (Tetra);

Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin (Macrolides); Clindamycin (Lincosamide)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are effective against Gram - Positive ONLY?

Definition

 

 

 

Naficillin (Penicillin)

Vancomycin (Glycopeptide);

Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin (Macrolides); Clindamycin (Lincosamide); 

Term

 

 

 

 

 Which antibiotics are effective against

Gram + and - Bacteria?

Definition

 

 

Doxycycline (Tetra);

Pen G or V, Amox; Piperacillin, Ticaracillin (PENICILLINS);

Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefepime (Cepha)

all Amino's (G, T, S);

Cipro, Levo (Floro's);

Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are BROAD spectrum?

Definition

 

 

Doxycycline (Tetra); all Aminos (S, T, G);

Vancomycin (Glyco); Amox, Piperacillin, Ticaracillin; Cefuroxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, cefepime (Cephalo's);

Clindamycin (Lincosamide); all Macrolides (A, C, E);

Cipro and Levo (Floro's);

Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which antibiotics are NARROW spectrum?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Naficillin, Pen G or V,

Cefazolin, Cephalothin (1st gen Cephalosporins)

Term

 

 

 

 

Which group on gycopeptides is attributes to its potency?

 

NH2 group or NH group

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

NH group

Term

 

 

 

 

What does Vancomycin complex/bind with that inhibits it from a transpeptidation reaction?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

D-alanyl-D-alanine, when it binds to this it prevents cross links from forming in the cell wall

Term

 

The drug combination Vancomycin and 3rd generation Cephalosporins are effective in treating...

 

A. tuberculosis

B. meningitis

C. gonorrhea

D. pneumonia

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Meningitis

Term

 

The drug combination Vancomycin and Rifampin are effective in treating...

 

A. pneumonia

B. meningitis

C. Complicated MRSA

D. tuberculosis

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Complicated MRSA

Term

 

Glycopeptides have bactericidal activity against Gram Positive Bacteria. They include all of these EXCEPT..

 

A. MRSA

B. CoNS

C. Enterocococci

D. Enterobacteriaceae

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Enterobacteriaceae is a Gram Negative bacteria.. and all the others are gram positive.

Term

Which of these is a target for the 30S of a ribosome?

 

 

 A. Lincosamides

B. Macrolides

C. Tetracyclines

Definition

 

 

 

 

Tetracyclines target the 30 S

and

Macrolides and Lincosamides target the 50S

Term

 

 

True / False

 

 

Aminoglycosides are five - membered aminocyclitol rings.

Definition

 

 

False

 

Aminoglycosides are Six - membered aminocyclitol rings.

Term
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Polycations (aminoglycosides) target accessible regions of polyanionic ___ rRNA on the __ ribosome, and have _________ activity, which is ___________.
 
A. 18S; 30S bacteriocidal; irreversible
B. 16S; 50S Bacteriocidal; irreversible
C. 16S; 30S; bacteriostatic; reversible
D. 16S; 30S; bacteriocidal; irreversible
Definition

 

 

D. 16S; 30S; bacteriocidal; irreversible

 

Polycations (aminoglycosides) target accessible regions of polyanionic 16S rRNA on the 30S ribosome, and have bacteriocidal activity, which is irreversible.
 

 

Term

 

True/ False

 

 

Streptomycin is very toxic, but it is still useful in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

True

Term

 

 

Which of the following is true about Bacitracin

 

I. inhibits dephosphorylation of lipid carrier

II. Inhibits teichoic acid synthesis

III. releases autolysins

IV. is a topical antibiotic

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

I, II, IV

Term

 

Which is true about cycloserine

 

 

I. Completely inhibits racemase & synthetase

II. It is pink 

III. it is unselective which creates toxicity

IV. it has limited use as 2ndary drug for TB

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

I, III, IV

Term

 

 

 

True / False

 

Daptomycin binds to the INNER membrane and causes a leakage of ions.

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

True

Term

 

 

True/ False 

 

 

Not all Beta Lactams are bacteriocidal

Definition

 

 

 

False

 

 

ALL beta lactams are bacteriocidal

Term

Aminoglycosides have synergisic activity.

 

 

What is the criteria for a drug to be a good candidate for synergy?

 

BacterioSTATIC or BacterioCIDAL

Definition

 

 

 

 

BacterioCIDAL, this is because a bacteriostaic drug will cause the cells to stop growin, and this drug combo will only work on growing baceria

Term

 

 

 

True/False

 

Selectivity is having toxicity against 18S areas in rRNA

Definition

 

False

 

 

Selective toxicity is due to structural differences in the 16S rRNA (which is bacterial ribosomes) and the 18S is the eukaryotic ribosomes

 

Term

 

 

True/False

 

 

Rifamycins are semisynthetic drugs the binds to beta subunit RNA polymerase at the active site

Definition

 

 

 

False

 

Rifamycins are semisynthetic drugs the binds to beta subunit RNA polymerase at the allosteric site

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