Term
| The purpose of tablet coating is to protect the drug from the environment such as ___/___/___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Coating can help mask unpleasant ___ or ___ |
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Definition
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Term
Coating can make it easier to ___
It can aid in product ___
Help to minimize cross contamination due to ___ generated during high-speed packaging operations |
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Definition
swallow
identify
powder dust |
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Term
Coating can help improve product ___
Can reduce incompatibility between other ___
Reduces ___ and attrition |
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Definition
appearance
drugs in the tablet
abrasion |
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Term
| Coating can ___ drug release, such as enteric-coated products |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the most commonly used in the sugar coating process |
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Definition
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Term
| Sucrose is one of the few materials that produce smooth, high quality coating that is basically ___ and ___-free at the completion of the coating process |
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Definition
dry
tack-free (sticky-free) |
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Term
| popularity of sugar coating has declined, but it is still used. This is due to the needed skilled manpower and its protracted and ___ |
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Definition
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Term
There are SIX MAIN STEPS
Sealing
Subcoating
Smoothing
___
Polishing
Printing |
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Definition
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Term
| Sealing is to protect the drug and other ingredients from ___ (which is the main constituent of the coating formulation) |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcoholic solutions (10-30% solids) of resins such as ___, ___, and ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| More than one ___ may be necessary for effective in sealing of the tablet |
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Definition
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Term
SUBCOATING
Sugar coating often results in a ___ increase in weight. This occurs mainly in the subcoating STEP |
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Definition
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Term
| A ___-based solution is applied to the sealed tablet cores, followed by a dusting powder application which reduces ___ and allows the tablet to build up |
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Definition
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Term
| In the subcoating process, a solution of ___, ___, and sucrose is mixed |
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Definition
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Term
| The dusting powder consists of a mixture of ___, ___, ___, sucrose, and powdered acacia |
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Definition
calcium carbonate
titanium dioxide
talc |
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Term
| The subcoat is formed from alternate layers of ___ and ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| In the smoothing process the tablet must be smoothed out before the ___ is applied |
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Definition
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Term
| A solution containing ___ sugar solids and ___ titanium dioxide (which is used as an ___) is applied |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the most crucial step |
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Definition
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Term
| It involves multiple applications of a solution containing 60-70% of ___ and appropriate ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Color materials used in this step are either ___ dyes or ___ pigments |
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Definition
water-soluble
water-insoluble |
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Term
| The water-soluble dye is dissolved in ___ and applied in small quantities to the tablets |
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Definition
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Term
| The tablets are allowed to ___ before the next application |
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Definition
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Term
| As many as ___ individual applications of the colored syrup may be necessary |
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Definition
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Term
| This process can take up to ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| When pigments are used, they are also dispersed in a ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| If the pigment is ___ or combined with an opacifier, the desired color can develop more rapidly resulting in ___ coats that dry more rapidly; thus, shorter processing time |
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Definition
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Term
| Pigments used are either inorganic pigments (titanium dioxide, iron oxides) or ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Polishing: Sugar-coated tablets at this point are very ___, and polishing is needed to enhance elegance |
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Definition
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Term
| Mixtures of waxes (___, ___, ___ or hard ___) in a polishing pan are applied to the tablets as powders or as ___ in organic solvents |
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Definition
beeswax
carnauba wax
candelila wax
paraffin
dispersions |
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Term
| The printing process is for ___ purposes |
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Definition
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Term
| Printing can be done before OR after ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The film coating process: A thin film is deposited onto the ___ of the substrate |
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Definition
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Term
| This film coating in applicable to a variety of products such as tablets, capsules, ___, ___, and ___ |
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Definition
powders
granules
nonpareils (?what?) |
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Term
| Films are typically applied ___ by spraying the coating liquid onto a moving mass of product |
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Definition
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Term
| The technique was introduced in the 1950s because of the shortcomings of the ___ process was predominantly used |
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Definition
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Term
| Advantages of film coating have minimal weight increase (usually ___ of the tablet core weight) |
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Definition
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Term
There is a much shorter ___
There is increased process efficiency and ___
there is increased ___ in formulation
Improved resistance to ___ of the coat |
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Definition
processing time
output
flexibility
chipping |
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Term
| In the early years of film coating, ___ solvents were used to enhance evaporation and decrease processing time |
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Definition
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Term
| Due to significant improvements in the equipment technology, ___ coating liquids are used nowadays |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ pans and ___ equipment have replaced conventional pans for faster drying |
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Definition
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Term
| The materials used in film coating are ___, ___, colorant, and a vehicle |
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Definition
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Term
| Each white to white off, oval, film-coated ___ tablet has breaklines and ___ debossed on both faces and contains ___ equivalent to 320mg of gemifloxacin |
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Definition
factive
GE 320
gemifloxacin mesylate |
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Term
| The inactive ingredients are crospovidone, ___, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, povidone, and ___ |
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Definition
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
titanium dioxide |
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Term
| The polymer should be soluble in a variety of solvents and be capable of forming ___ with suitable mechanical properties |
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Definition
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Term
| Another important prerequisite is that the polymer must dissolve in the ___ to allow release of the drug |
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Definition
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Term
| ___, especially hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are preferred in film coating |
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Definition
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Term
| Other cellulosic polymers include ___ and ___ |
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Definition
hydroxypropyl cellulose
methylcellulose |
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Term
| Alternatives to cellulose ethers are ___ copolymers and ___ polymers (such as polyvinyl alcohol) |
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Definition
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Term
| The polymers are applied as ___ in water and organic solvents |
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Definition
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Term
| A plasticizer is included in the coating formulation to improve ___ of the film and its adhesion to the substrate |
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Definition
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Term
| Typical plasticizers include ___, ___ glycol, ___ glycols, ___ esters, or ___ esters |
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Definition
glycerin
propylene
polyethylene
citrate
phthalate |
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Term
| Colorants are used to to improve appearance and help ___ of the product |
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Definition
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Term
| Colorants can be can be ___ dyes (not used in organic solvents), or certified lakes, particularly ___ |
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Definition
water-soluble
aluminum lakes |
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Term
| Typical film-coating formulations contain ___ coating solids in the requisite vehicle (the higher concentration is preferred is the case of aqueous formulations) |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ of the total solids is polymer, ___ is plasticizer, and ___ is pigment |
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Definition
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Term
| Enteric coating is a form of delayed release, the coating remains intact in the ___ but it dissolves and its contents are released once the dosage form reaches the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of dosage form is used when the drug is inactivated by the stomach contents, example ___, ___, ___ or it may cause nausea or bleeding by irritating the gastric mucosa, such as ___/___ |
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Definition
pancreatin
erythromycin
proton pump inhibitors
aspirin
steroids |
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Term
| One variation of enteric coating is to make a product with a ___ effect |
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Definition
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Term
| An additional amount of drug is applied over the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| It is released in the ___ and the remainder is released in the intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| Most currently used enteric coatings are ___ because they are undissociated in the stomach, but readily ionize when pH is above ___ (___) |
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Definition
weak acids
5 (intestine soluble) |
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Term
| Polymers used include ___, ___, and ___ |
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Definition
-PHTHALATES
*such as cellulose acetate pht, polyvinyl acetate pht
-carboxymethyl ethylcellulose
-acrylic copolymers |
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Term
| Sustained-release coatings control the release of the drug from the dosage unit in such that it is made available to the body over a ___, the release is sustained |
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Definition
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Term
| Materials for sustained release are ___ such as waxes with fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and monoglycerides. Also made of ___ and ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ provides a membrane around the tablet that remains intact throughout the GIT |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ behave similarly to ethylcellulose |
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Definition
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Term
| Like enteric coatings, many of the synthetic polymers are commercially available as aqueous dispersions called ___ or ___ |
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Definition
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Term
What is being coated to have a sustained-release effect?
Dried ___
Drug loaded ___
Drug ___
Drug ion-exchange resin complexes
Tablets |
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Definition
granules
beads (AKA nonpareils)
crystals |
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Term
| The coated particles in the first four cases above can either be filled into a two-piece hard ___ or ___ into tablets |
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Definition
gelatin capsules
compressed |
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Term
| Another variation of sustained release coating is exhibited by coated tablets in which the film is pierced with a ___ to create a delivery orifice |
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Definition
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Term
| The osmotic pressure created by the influx of water across the semi-permeable membrane pumps the drug through the orifice; known as an ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The coating fluid is ladled onto a bed of tablets in a rotating ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The tablets are stirred ___ to facilitate the dispersion of the liquid throughout the batch |
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Definition
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Term
| The tablet bed is then dried by ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The pan is also fitted with an exhaust to allow ___ and ___ to be removed |
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Definition
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Term
| These consecutive cycles of liquid application, stirring, and drying are repeated ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The polishing step is performed in a ___ pan |
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Definition
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Term
| Film coating of sustained release; The coating liquid is sprayed in the form of ___ over the moving tablet mass in the coating pan in a manner that ensures uniform coverage of the surface of the tablets |
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Definition
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Term
IMPORTANT DIAGRAMS on last pg (41)
skipped the last page
ITS crazy |
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Definition
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