Term
| THE DOSAGE FORM DESIGNED FOR CONVEYING A DRUG BY MEANS OF INJECTION OR PLACEMENT UNDER ONE OR MORE LAYERS OF SKIN OR MUCOUS MEMBRANES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 MAIN ROUTES OF PARENTERAL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE ORDER OF THE SKIN LAYERS OUTWARD IN? |
|
Definition
| EPIDERMIS, DERMIS, SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, MUSCLE |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 INJECTION SITES OF IV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE 2 MAIN DEVICES TO ADMINISTER PARENTERAL FLUIDS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ ARE USUALLY MADE OF RIGID STAINLESS STEEL AND ____ ARE USUALLY MADE OF FLEXIBLE PLASTIC. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NEEDLES NEED TO BE ATTACHED TO _____ FOR SINGLE INJECTIONS OR TO ________ FOR INFUSTIONS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF WINGS ON THE NEEDLE SET? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW ARE CATHETERS INTRODUCED TO THE VEIN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT INSTANCE ARE CATHETERS USED? |
|
Definition
| LONG TERM IV ADMINISTRATION |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE SOME BENEFITS OF CATHETERS? |
|
Definition
| FLEXIBLE AND LESS LIKELY TO DAMAGE VEINS |
|
|
Term
| (T/F) ALL CATHETERS AND NEEDLES ARE A SINGLE STANDARD LENGTH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IN GAUGE OF NEEDLE AND CATHETER THE HIGHER THE GAUGE THE _____ THE DIAMETER OF THE NEEDLE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AN IV SITE WHERE THE CATHETER IS LOCATED IN THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA OR SOMETIMES IN THE RIGHT ATRIUM. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE BENEFITS OF A CENTRAL LINE? |
|
Definition
RAPID DILUTATION
LESS IRRITATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PERIPHERALLY INSERTED CENTRAL CATHETER |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE SOME TYPICAL CENTRAL SITES? |
|
Definition
| SUBCLAVIAN AND JUGULAR VEINS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE SOME TYPICAL PERIPHERAL SITES? |
|
Definition
| THE HAND, LOWER OR UPPER ARM, ANTECUBITAL FOSSA, OR THE SCAMP |
|
|
Term
| IN WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES IS A SCALP PERIPHERAL IV SITE USED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 METHODS OF IV ADMINISTRATION? |
|
Definition
| CONTINOUS, INTERMITTENT AND BOLUS |
|
|
Term
| A PROLONGED METHOD OF CONTROLLED DRUG ADMINISTRATION THAT INCLUDES ABILITY TO CONTROL DELIVERY RATE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT COMPOSES AN ADMINISTRATION SET? |
|
Definition
| SPIKE, DRIP CHAMBER, TUBING, CLAMP AND Y-SITES |
|
|
Term
| THESE ARE USED TO CONNECT A SECONDARY ADMINISTRATION SET |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS CAN ALSO BE USED IN AN ADMINISTRATION SET TO CUT OFF FLOW TO THE PRIMARY LINE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IV THERAPY ADMINISTERED AT INTERVALS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) WITH INTERMITTANT INFUSIONS THEY START A NEW ADMINISTRATION SET |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT TIME PERIOD IS CONSIDERED INTERMITTANT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INFUSTION OF A SECOND IV FLUID THROUGH A CONNECTION IN THE PRIMARY IV SET |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A SMALL INTERMITTANT INFUSION DEVICE THAT REMAINS IN THE VEIN BETWEEN USES. IT IS FLUSHED WITH HEPARIN OR SALINE TO MAINATIN PATENTCY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A CONCENTRATED MEDICATION OR SOLUTION GIVEN RAPIDLY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE TIME PERIOD FOR A BOLUS ADMINISTRATION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW CAN A BOLUS BE ADMINISTERED? |
|
Definition
| DIRECT INTO A VEIN OR INFUSION LINE |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS A FEAR IN USING BOLUS ADMINISTRATION? |
|
Definition
| INCREASED DRUG LEVELS LOCALLY AND SYSTEMICALLY |
|
|
Term
| HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR IV ADMINISTRATION TO REACH THE HEART? ENTIRE SIRCULATION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR IV ADMINISTRATION TO REACH THE HEART? ENTIRE SIRCULATION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE VOLUME RANGE OF IV INFUSIONS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY SITES OF IM INFUSION |
|
Definition
| DORSOGLUTEAL, DELTOID, VASTUS LATERALIS, RECTUS FEMORIS, VENTROGLUTEAL |
|
|
Term
| WHAT LAYER DOES IM GO INTO? |
|
Definition
| THE STRIATED MUSCLE FIBERS UNDER THE SUB-Q AREA |
|
|
Term
| WHEN WOULD YOU USE THE GLUTEAL MUSCLE? |
|
Definition
| A LARGE VOLUME SINCE SUCH A LARGE MUSCLE MASS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE BENFITS OF THE DELTOID? DOWNFALLS? |
|
Definition
| BETTER CIRCULATION, FASTER ABSORBED; MORE PAINFUL |
|
|
Term
| WHEN IS THE VASTUS LATERALIS USED FOR IM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE AN IM DRUG TO BE ABSORBED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A TYPE OF INJECTION THAT SERVES AS A STORAGE RESEVOIR FROM WHICH A DRUG IS USUALLY REMOVED INTO SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE AMOUNT THAT CAN GIVEN IM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW MUCH INJECTION CAN THE DELTOID TAKE? THE GLUTE? A CHILD OF 3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS A BENEFIT OF IM OVER IV? |
|
Definition
| MORE DIVERSE FORMULATIONS LIKE SUSPENSIONS AND OILS CAN BE USED |
|
|
Term
| INJECTION SITE IN THE TISSUE BELOW THE DERMIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ANGLE WOULD YOU USE FOR A SC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ARMS, ABDOMEN, ANTERIOR THIGH |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS BAD ABOUT DRUG ABSORPTION IN SC? |
|
Definition
| IT IS SLOWER THAN OTHER PARENTERAL ROUTES |
|
|
Term
| HOW MUCH CAN BE INJECTED SC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS ROUTE IS THE MOST COMMON FOR SELF INJECTION. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS ROUTE INJECTS BETWEEN THE DERMIS AND THE EPIDERMIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE SOME BAD THINGS ABOUT INTRDERMAL? |
|
Definition
| NOT WELL PERFUSED AND NOT MUCH FLUID |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ANGLE WOULD YOU USE FOR INTRADERMAL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT VOLUME CAN BE USED IN INTRADERMAL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT USES DOES INTRADERMAL CAN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO THE ARTERY BEFORE AN ORGAN FOR TARGET THERAPY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO THE PERITONEAL CAVITY FOR LOCAL ACTION IN THE GI OR OVARIES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO THE SPACE BETWEEN THE DURA MATER AND THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE LINING THE VERTEBRAL CANAL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO THE LUMBAR REGION OF THE SPINAL CORD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO THE LATERAL VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO THE SYNOVIAL SACS OF JOINTS FOR LOCAL ACTION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO THE PLEURAL CAVITY FOR LOCAL ACTION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO THE BONE MARROW CAVITY FOR SYSTEMIC ACTION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO OR AROUND A LESION FOR LOCAL ACTION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INJECTION INTO THE EYEBALL FOR LOCAL ACTION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGE OF PARENTERAL ROUTE? |
|
Definition
| PAIN, PHLEBITIS, INFILTRATION, INFECTION, PYROGENS, AND COSTS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT CONTRIBUTES TO PAIN OF PARENTERALS? |
|
Definition
NEEDLE OR CATHETER
ADMINISTRATION SITE
TECHNIQUE
DRUG PRODUCT |
|
|
Term
| NEEDLE PENETRATION CAN BE MORE PAINFUL IF IT IS NOT _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IF YOU DO THIS YOU MAY MINIMIZE PAIN. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT PARTS OF THE DRUG PRODUCT MAY BE IRRITATING? |
|
Definition
NON-ISOTONIC
NON-PHYSIOLOGIC PH
COSOLVENTS/SURFACTANTS
DRUG ITSELF |
|
|
Term
| WHAT HAPPENS IF THE DRUG IS NOT ISOTONIC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IF THE DRUG ISNT AT NORMAL PH WHAT HAPPENS? |
|
Definition
| BIOMOLECULES SUCH AS ENZYMES, PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND PROTIENS ARE DISRUPTED |
|
|
Term
| COSOLVENTS AND SURFACTANTS AFFECT PAIN HOW? |
|
Definition
| CAN AFFECT PERMEABILITY AND MEMBRANE PROTIENS |
|
|
Term
| INJURY TO ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF VEINS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE SEQUENCE OF PHELBITIS |
|
Definition
| THROMBUS, EMBOLUS, EMBOLISM |
|
|
Term
| BLOOD CLOT FORMATION HASTENED BY DAMAGED ENDOTHELIAL SURFACES THAT CAN OCCLUDE OR BREAK FREE IN THE VESSEL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A MASS OF UNDISSOLVED MATTER IN THE BLOOD OR LYMPH THAT CAN LODGE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OBSTRUCTION OF A BLOOD VESSEL BY A FORIEGN SUBSTANCE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT CONTRIBUTES THE PHELBITIS? |
|
Definition
NEEDLE OR CATHETER
ADMINISTRATION SITE
TECHNIQUE
DRUG PRODUCT |
|
|
Term
| HOW CAN THE NEEDLE OR CATHETER CAUSE PHELBITIS? |
|
Definition
| DIREC TINJURY OR PARTIAL BLOCK |
|
|
Term
| THE _____ THE FLOW TO AN ADMINISTRATION SITE THE MORE LIKELY OF PHLEBITIS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE DRUG CAN CAUSE PHLEBITIS BY WHAT TWO ISSUES |
|
Definition
| CHEMCIAL IRRITATION OR DRUG CRYSTALS EMBEDDING INT THE ENDOTHELIUM |
|
|
Term
| ESCAPE OF FLUIDS INTO THE SURROUNDING TISSUE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SEEPAGE OR DIFFUSION INTO TISSUE OF IV INFUSATE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT CAN HAPPEN WITH EXTRAVASATION AND INFILTRATION TO PATIENT? |
|
Definition
| SWELLING, PAIN, CELL DEATH, TISSUE DEATH, INFECTION, NERVE DAMAGE, LOSS OF LIMB |
|
|
Term
| WHAT CONTRIBUTES TO EXTRAVASATION? |
|
Definition
| TECHNIQUE, TRAUMA AND DRUG PRODUCT |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE 2 BAD ADMINISTRATION TECHNIQUES THAT CAUSE E AND I? |
|
Definition
| SLIPPAGE OF CATHETER AND PUNCTURE OF VEIN |
|
|
Term
| TRAUMA MAY LEAD TO REFLEX _______ WHICH MAY CAUSE BACK PRESSURE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ ARE BIG PROBLEMS IN E AND I BECAUSRE THEY ARE ______ TO CELLS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| D10W AND HIGHER, ANTIBIOTICS, CHEMOTHERAPIES, VASOPRESSERS, TPN |
|
|
Term
| INFECTION WITH PARENTERALS CAN BE _____ OR ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INFLAMMATION OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE SKIN,. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BACTERIA IN THE BLOOD STREAM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE 2 MAIN SOURCES OF MICROBES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHEN ARE 3 COMMON TIMES TO BE INFECTED PARENETERALLY? |
|
Definition
| SURING VENIPUNCTION, AFTER VENIPUNCTURE AND DURING INFUSION |
|
|
Term
| DURING VENIPUNCTIRE WHAT CAN INFECT? AFTER VENIPUNCTURE? DURING INFUSION? |
|
Definition
| BACTERIA BROUGHT IN; COLONY FROM SKIN; CONTAMINATED IV |
|
|
Term
| THE MAIN EXOGENOUS PYROGEN TO BE CONCERNNED WITH IS _______ ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BACTERAIL ENDOTOXIN IS A ____ ASSOCIATED WITH THE OUTER MEMBRANE OF GRAM ____ BACTERIA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MAIN STRUCTURE OF LPS THAT IS A PYROGEN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ANIMAL IS COMPARABLE TO HUMANS IN SENSITIVITY OF PYROGENS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE AFTER INJECTION FOR A FEVER TO APPEAR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PYROGENS CAN BE A SIGN OF POOR ____ _____ AND CAN COMPLICATE THE ILLNESS OF THE VERY SICK. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PYROGENS ARE AS UBIQUITOUS AS THE ____ _____ MICROBES THAT PRODUCE THEM. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE 2 REASONS COST OF PARENTERALS IS SO HIGH? |
|
Definition
| COST OF ADMINISTRATION AND COST OF MANUFACTURE |
|
|
Term
| WHY IS COST OF ADMINISTRATION HIGHER THAN OTHER ROUTES? |
|
Definition
| YOU NEED A TRAINED PERSON AND THERE IS LIABILITY |
|
|
Term
| WHY IS THE COST OF MANUFACTURE AND COMPOUNDING HIGH? |
|
Definition
| THERE ARE VERY STRICT REQUIREMENTS AND EQUIPMENT IS EXPENSIVE (CLEAN ROOMS AND HOODS) |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PARENETERAL PRODUCT? |
|
Definition
| FREEDOM FROM PATHOGENS, FREEDOM FROM PYROGENS AND FREE FROM PARTICULATES |
|
|
Term
| PARENTERALS HAVE HIGHER PURITY REQUIREMENTS THAN OTHER DOSAGE FORMS ESPECIALLY INJECTIONS INTENDED FOR _____ OR ______ ROUTES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT THREE THINGS MUST BE STERILE MEANING FREE FROM LIVING MICRO-ORGANISMS? |
|
Definition
| PARENETERAL, OPTHALMICS AND DEVICES USED FOR THEIR ADMINISTRATION |
|
|
Term
| SOL;UTIONS DESIGNED TO IRRIGATE WOUNDS AND BODY CAVITIES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INFECTIONS IS USUALLY RELATED TO MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF _____ OR ____ _____ AND USUALLY RESULTS FROM POOR ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE OR CONTAMINATION DURING MANUFACTURING, STORAGE, AND USE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE PARENETERAL PRODUCT MUST LEAVE THE MANUFACTURER STERILE AND MUST BE HANDLED WITH ______ _______ THEREAFTER. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF CONTAMINATION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| COMPLETE DESTRUCTION OR REMOVAL OR LIVING ORGANISMS AND THEIR SPORES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE SOME STERILIZATION METHODS |
|
Definition
-THERMAL
-FILTRATION
-RADIATION
-GAS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 THERMAL STERILIZATION METHODS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS STERILIZATION METHOD REQUIRES 121 C FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES AND AT HIGH PRESSURE IN AN AUTOCLAVE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A WELL THAT IS SEALED AND LOCKED |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHY MUST MOIST THERMAL STERILIZATION BE AT A HIGH PRESSURE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ALTHOUGH MOIST THERMAL STERILIZATION IS ECONOMICAL IT IS NOT SUITABLE FOR ____ ______ OR ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FOR THIS STERILIZATION METHOD YOU ARE AT 170 C FOR MORE THAN 2 HOURS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DRY HEAT IS OPTIMAL FOR SUBSTANCES THAT CANNOT BE STERILIZED USING ____ _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON STERILIZATION TECHNIQUE?Q |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IN THIS STERILIZATION METHOD THE PARTICLES ARE RETAINED BECAUSE THEY ARE BIGGER THAN THE PORE SIZE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT PORE SIZE IS EFFECTIVE FOR PARTICLE REMOVAL? FUNGI? BACTERIA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MECHANISM OF THE FILTRATION METHOD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FILTRATION IS A GOOD METHOD FOR STERILIZATION OF ____ ______ SOLUTIONS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FILTRATION IS _____ BECAUSE IT CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SYRINGE OR IN THE LINE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FILTRATION CAN HAVE POSSIBLE _____ ADSORPTION AND CANNOT BE USED FOR SUSPENSIONS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS STERILIZATION METHOD USES EITHER GAMMA RAYS OR UV LIGHT. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS METHOD CAN STERILIZE CONTENTS IN A SEALED PACKAGE WITHOUT HEAT. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS RADIATION FORM DOES NOT PENETRATE WELL AND IS USUALLY USED FOR STERILIZING AIR AND SURFACES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS STERILIZATION METHOD USES DILUTED ETHYLENE OR PROPYLENE OXIDE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS STERILIZATION METHOD HAS GREAT PENETRATION ESPECIALLY FOR SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND DISPOSABLE SYRINGES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ TESTS MUST BE PREFORMED ON PARENTERAL PRODUCTS WITH THE FOCUS BEING BACTERIA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 USP STERILITY TESTS? |
|
Definition
| DIRECT TRANSFER AND MEMBRANE FILTRATION |
|
|
Term
| THIS USP TEST USES A SAMPLE TO IN DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIAS TO DETECT DIFFERENT MICROBES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS USP TEST USES A FILTER TO CONCENTRATE THE MICROBES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHY ARE PYROGENS HARD TO ELIMINATE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TO ELIMINATE PYROGENS FROM PARENTEREALS YOU CAN EITHER _____ OR ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT 2 PYROGEN TESTS ARE THERE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT WAS THE ORIGINAL PYROGEN TEST? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE 2 REASONS THE RABBIT TEST IS BAD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IN THIS TEST THE PRODUCT IS MIXED WITH THE TEST REAGENT AND THEN MONITORED FOR GEL FORMATION. CLOTTING INDICATED THE PRESENCE OF AN ENDOTOXIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| UNWANTED INSOLUBLE MOBILE MATTER |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PARTICLES OF ABOUT ___ UM IN DIAMETER MAY BE LODGED IN SMALL ARTERIOLES AND CAPILLARIES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHERE DO PARTICLES USUALLY LODGE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A LODGE OF A PARTICLE CAN LEAD TO ____ ____ COLLAPSE AND POSSIBLE _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A MASS OF TISSUE IN RESPONSE TO AN INFECTION, INFLAMMATION OR F___ORIEGN BODY. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PARENETERALS CAN HAVE A HOST RESPONSE OF INTERACTING WITH CELLS IN THE ____ SYSTEM. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE SOME SOURCES OF PARTICULATES? |
|
Definition
| PRODUICT, CONTAINER, CLOSURE, MANUFACTURE, ADMINISTRATION |
|
|
Term
| PARENTERALS WITH 100 ML OR GREATER |
|
Definition
| LARGE VOLUME PARENETERALS |
|
|
Term
| PARENTERALS WITH LESS THAN 100 ML |
|
Definition
| SMALL VOLUME PARENENTERALS |
|
|
Term
| USP LIMITS FOR HOW MANY PARTICULATES CAN BE IN A PRODUCT ARE BASED ON ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| YOU CAN USE ____ FILTERS OF 1-5 UM DURING IV MED PREP AND ESPECIALLY FOR GLASS ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ FILTERS OF 0.2 UM ARE USED TO ELIMINATE AIR AND LARGER PARTICLES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In most cases, parenteral fluids should be ____ with body tissues and should fall within a
physiologically acceptable __ range. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PHARMACEUTICAL PREPERATIONS MEANT FOR THE APPLICATION TO DELICATE MEMBRANES OF THE BODY MUST BE ADJUSTED TO APPROXIMATELY THE SAME ____ _____ AS THAT OF THE BODY FLUIDS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BLOOD SERUM AND TEAR CONTAIN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EQUIVALENT OF ____ MOSM/L |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE IDEAL IV RANGE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ISOTONIC FLUIDS WILL CAUSE NO_____ OR _____ OF CELLS WITH WHICH THEY COME IN CONTACT WITH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CONSEQUENCES OF A NON-ISOTONIC PARENTERAL CAN BE ___- OR ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE SOME LOCAL CONSEQUENCES OF A NON-ISOTONIC IV? |
|
Definition
| IRRITATION, PAIN, EXTRAVASATION DAMAGE |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE IDEAL PARENTERAL PH RANGE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PRODUCTS AT A NON=PHYSOLOGICAL PH CAN CAUSE ____, ____, AND ____. |
|
Definition
| PAIN, IRRITATION AND EXTRAVASATION |
|
|
Term
| ACIDIC DRUGS SUCH AS ____ AT A PH RANGE OF 3.5-5.5 CAN CAUSE INFUSION PHLEBITIS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IM AND SC SITES SHOULD HAVE A PH BETWEEN ___ AND _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CENTRAL IV CAN HAVE A LARGER PH RANGE OS __-_____ BECAUSE THE DILUTION AND BLOOD BUFFERS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CENTRAL IV CAN HAVE A LARGER PH RANGE OS __-_____ BECAUSE THE DILUTION AND BLOOD BUFFERS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A PERIPHERAL IV CAN HAVE A PH OF ___-___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT 2 REASONS WOULD THERE BE TO MAKE A PARENETERAL OUTSIDE PHYSIOLOGICAL RANGE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CNS INJECTIONS HAVE A LOWER PH RANGE OF ___-____ BECAUSE IT IS A SENSITIVE TISSUE WITH SLOW CIRCULATION AND LOW VOLUME. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS A COMPLICATION IF THE INTRATHECAL PH IS OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 MAIN VEHICLES FOR PARENETERALS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHEN IS AN OIL VEHICLE USED? |
|
Definition
| INSOLUBLE AND DEPOT INJECTIONS |
|
|
Term
| WHERE DO YOU INJECT OIL BASED PARENTERALS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE SOME EXCIPIENTS THAT CAN BE ADDED TO PARENTERALS? |
|
Definition
| SOLUBILIZERS AND ANTI-MICROBIALS |
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Term
| WHAT ARE 2 SOLUBILIZERS A PARENETERAL MIGHT NEED? |
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Definition
| SURFACTANT AND COSOLVENTS |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON COSOLVENTS FOR PARENETERALS? |
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Definition
| ETHANOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND PEG 400 |
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Term
| MOST ORGANIC COSOLVENTS WILL BE IRRITATING IF YOU INJECT THEM ___ OR ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT SURFACTANTS ARE PREFERRED FOR PARENETERALS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHEN WOULD YOU NEED AN ANTIMICROBIAL IN A PARENTERAL? |
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Definition
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Term
| PRESERVATIVES AND CAN BE ____ AND _____ SO USP PROVIDES LIMITS ON CONCENTRATIONS. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ CANNOT BE GIVEN IN PARENTERALS TO NEONATES BECAUSE THE LIVER IS TOO IMMATURE TO DETOX THE PRESERVATIVE. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE MAIN USES OF LARGE VOLUME PARENTERLS. |
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Definition
-HYDRATION
-ELECTROLYTE
-BASIC NUTRITION
-TPN
-VEHICLES
-KVO |
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Term
| WHAT DO YOU USE AS A KVO? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME LARGE VOLUME PARENTERALS? |
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Definition
-DEXTROSE
-NACL
-RINGERS
-HARTMANNS
-LIPID EMULSIONS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| NACL, KCL, CACL2, SODIUM LACTATE |
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME LIPID EMULSION LARGE VOLUME PARENETERAL? |
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Definition
| INTRALIPID (CLINTEC) AND LIPOSYN (ABBOTTS) |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE DOSAGE FORMS OF SMALL VOLUME PARENTERALS? |
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Definition
| SOLUTIONS, EMULSIONS, SUSPENSIONS, RECONSTITUTABLE SOLIDS |
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Term
| GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A SMALL VOLUME PARENTERAL SOLUTION. EMULSION, SUSPENSION. |
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Definition
| INSULIN; DIPRIVAN (PROPOFOL); ISOPHANE INSULIN SUSPENSION; |
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Term
| WHY WOULD YOU USE A RECONSTITUTABLE SOLID SMALL VOLUME PARENTERAL? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE 2 TECHNIQUES OF PRODUCING STERILE SOLIDS? |
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Definition
| ASEPTIC CRYSTILLIZATION AND LYOPHILLIZATION |
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Term
| THIS IS WHEN THE DRUG PRODUCT IS CRYSTALIZED AND FILLED UNDER STERILE CONDTIONS. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PRE-MIXES? |
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Definition
| MINI-BAGS AND ADD-VANTAGE SYSTEM |
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Term
| THIS SYSTEM HAS 2 PARTS 1) AN IV BAG OF SOLUTION AND 2) A POWDER OR LIQUID TO BE COMBINED AND MIXED PRIOR TO USE |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME OTHER CONVEINCE 6-21PARENTERALS? |
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Definition
| DISPOSABLE PRE-FILLED SYRINGES AND DOUBLE CHAMBERED VIALS |
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME DISPOSABLE PRE-FILLED SYRINGES? |
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Definition
| ENBRAL, TUBEX, CARPUJECT, BRISTOJECT, ABBOJECT |
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Term
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A DOUBLE CHAMBERED VIAL |
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Definition
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Term
These rooms are specially constructed, filtered, and maintained to prevent environmental contamination of sterile
products during manufacture |
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Definition
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Term
| CLEAN ROOMS MUST HAVE ___ WALLS AND ____ COUNTERS. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHY DO WE USE NON-POUROUS COUNTERS LIKE STAINLESS STEEL? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENT TO A CLEAN ROOM? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENT TO A CLEAN ROOM? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ LIGHTS IN CLEAN ROOMS ARE USED TO KEEP STERILITY. |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW IS CLEAN AIR MAINTAINED AND GENERATED? |
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Definition
| HEPA FILTER POSITIVE PRESSURE AND LAMINAR FLOW |
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Term
| HOW EFFECTIVE ARE HEPA FILTERS? |
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Definition
| THEY REMOVE 99.7% OF PARTICLES 0.3 OR LARGER |
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Term
| IN LAMINAR FLOW THE AIR MOVES IN ____ LINES AND WITH A UNIFORM ____ TO MINIMIZE TURBULENCE. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT FORMS OF LAMINAR FLOW ARE THERE? |
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Definition
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Term
| POSITIVE PRESSURE IN THE CLEAN ROOMS MAKES THE PRESSURE IN THE ROOM TO BE ____ THAN THAT OF OTHER AREAS. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parenterals must be packaged in a way that maintains product _____ until time of use and prevents contamination of contents during opening. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT COLOR SHOULD THE PACKAGING FOR PARENTERALS BE. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT 3 CRITERIA DETERMINE PACKAGING OF PARENTERALS? |
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Definition
| PERMEATION, LEACHING AND ADSORPTION |
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Term
| release of components of a container into contents |
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Definition
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Term
| partitioning of molecules to an interface |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 MAJOR CONTAINERS FOR PARENTERALS? |
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Definition
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Term
| PLASTIC IS A GOOD CONTAINER BECAUSE TI IS ___,_____, AND ___. |
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Definition
| CHEAP, DURABLE AND VERSATILE |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE COMMON PLASTICS USED FOR CONTAINERS? |
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Definition
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Term
| PLASTIC IS PRONE TO _____ PROBLEMS ESPECIALLY WITH PLASTICIZERS. |
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Definition
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Term
| PLASTICS HAVE A RELATIVELY HIGH ____ AND _____ PERMEABILITY. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ main types of pharmaceutical glass, based on their chemical makeup and their resistance to water attack (chemical durability) |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE LEACHABLES IN GLASS THAT CAN INCREASE PH BY MAKING IT ALKALINE? |
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Definition
| EARTH AND HEAVY METAL OXIDES |
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF GLASS IS HIGHLY RESISTANT AND MADE OF BOROSILLICATE GLASS. IT HAS LOW LEACHABLES AND IS THE BEST CHOICE. |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS TYPE OF GLASS IS TREATED SODA-LIME GLASS MEANING THE SURFACE IS TREATED TO IMPROVE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE. |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS TYPE OF GLASS IS SODA-LIME. |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS TYPE OF GLASS IS GENERAL PURPOSE SODA LIME GLASS AND IS NOT USED FOR PARENETAL USE. |
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Definition
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Term
| AN IMPORTANT ADVANTAGE OF GLASS IS THAT IT IS RELATIVELY _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| FOR RUBBER STOPPERS WHAT ARE 2 PROPERTIES WE LOOK AT? |
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Definition
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Term
| PLUGGING THE NEEDLE TIP WITH A PIECE OF RUBBER |
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Definition
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Term
| IN RUBBER STOPPERS POTENTIAL LEACHABLES ARE ____ AND ____. |
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Definition
| HEAVY METAL SALTS AND LUBRICANTS |
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF CONTAINERS CAN PARENTERALS COME IN> |
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Definition
| AMPULES, VIALS LARGE VOLUME BOTTLES AND PLASTIC BAGS |
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Term
| THESE ARE HEAT SEALED GLASS CONTAINERS MEANT FOR A SINGLE USE. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE 2 ADVANTAGES TO AN AMPULE. |
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Definition
| HERMETIC AND NO RUBBER STOPPER |
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Term
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Definition
| BROKEN GLASS NEEDS TO BE FILTERED OUT |
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Term
Glass or plastic containers closed with a rubber stopper and sealed with an aluminum crimp.
• They can be either single-dose and multiple-dose |
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Definition
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Term
| THESE CONTAINERS ARE FLEXIBLE, SINGLE USE COLLAPSIBLE. |
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Definition
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Term
| PLASTIC OR GLASS, SINGLE USE, MAY NEED AIR VENTING |
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Definition
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Term
To allow the withdrawal and administration of labeled volumes from ampules and vials, a slight ____ in content
volume will normally be present |
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Definition
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Term
| = the combination of parenteral dosage forms for administration as a single entity. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE DO YOU PREFORM ADMIXURES |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF HOOD HAS AIR THAT FLOWS ACROSS THE WORK SPACE |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF HOOD HAS AIR THAT FLOWS DOWN ONTO THE WORK SPACE |
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH HOOD TYPE PROVIDES LESS PROTECTION FOR THE WORKER. |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW OFTEN ARE HOODS CHECKED? |
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Definition
| 6-12 MONTHS AND WHENEVER THEY ARE MOVED |
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Term
WHAT test is used to test for the passage of particles
through the HEPA filter. |
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Definition
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Term
| a decontaminated unit supplied with HEPA filtered air that provides uncompromised continuous isolation of its interior from the external environment, including surrounding cleanroom air and personnel" |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ADVANTAGE DOES A BARRIER ISOLATOR HAVE? |
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Definition
| PROTECTS THE WORKER AND PRODUCT AT A RELATIVELY OW COST |
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Term
| WHAT GRADE IS THE MINIMUM FOR A BARRIER ISOLATOR |
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Definition
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Term
| a phenomenon that occurs when one drug [product] is mixed with others to produce, by physicochemical means, a product unsuitable for administration to the patient |
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Definition
| INCOMPATABILITY OF A PARENETAL |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF INCOMPATABILITES> |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE 2 CHEMICAL INCOMPATABILITES OF PARENTERALS. |
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Definition
| SUB-OPTIMAL PH AND PHOTODEGRADATION |
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Term
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A DRUG INCOMPATABILITY WITH A SUB-OPTIMAL PH. |
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Definition
| AMPICILLIN SODIUM IS UNSTABLE IN D5W AND WORKS BETTER IN NS |
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Term
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF PHOTODEGRADATION> |
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Definition
| A DRUG BREAKS DOWN IN LIGHT (USE AN OPAQUE BAG) |
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME PHYSICAL INCOMPATABILITYS? |
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Definition
| PRECIPITATION, LAYERING, DESTABILIZATION |
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Term
| SODIUM SALTS OF A WEAK ACID WILL PRECIPIATE AS WHAT IN A WEAK ACID MEDIA? |
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Definition
| FREE ACID IN AN ACIDIC MEDIA |
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Term
| SODIUM SALTS OF A WEAK BASE IN A WEAKLY BASIC MEDIA WILL PRECIPTIATE AS WHAT? |
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Definition
| FREE BASE IN A BASIC MEDIA |
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Term
| WHAT IS ONE BIG EXAMPLE OF TWO THINGS YOU CANNOT MIX DUE TO PRECIPIATION? |
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Definition
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Term
| LAYERING OCCURS WHEN THE LIQUIDS HAVE DIFFERENT ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| DESTABILIZATION OF A PRODUCT CAN PRODUCE COLLOIDAL _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT 2 THINGS DO WE WORRY ABOUT WITH DRUG CONTAINERS AND DUGS? |
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Definition
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Term
| ADSORPTION IS PARTICULARLY A PROBLEM WHEN THE DRUG IS AT ___ ___ BECAUSE A LARGE FRACTION OF THE DRUG WILL BE LOST |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT CAN THE DRUG ADSORB TO? |
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Definition
| CONTAINER, STOPPER, FILTER |
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Term
| Several formulations of lipophilic drugs can leach ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Surfactants in the product are usually responsible for leaching ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Surfactants in the product are usually responsible for leaching ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME PVC ALTERNATIVES? |
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Definition
| ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, and polyolefin containers; polyethylene-lined admin. Sets |
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Term
| THIS OUTLINES THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMPOUNDING, PREP AND LABELING OF COMPOUND STERILE PREPS. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHO/WHERE DOES CHAPTER 797 APPLY? |
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Definition
0ALL WHO COMPOUND
-ANYONE WHO COMPOUNDS |
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Term
| Requires that all compounding personnel be adequately educated, instructed, and skilled to perform their functions |
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Definition
| RESPONSIBILITY OF COMPOUNDINF PERSONNEL |
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Term
| Includes quality assurance requirements for each risk level (to monitor, evaluate, correct, & improve IN WRITING) |
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Definition
| CSP MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION RISK LEVELS |
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Term
| RISK LEVEL OF CHAPTER 797 REFERS TO WHAT? |
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Definition
| MICROBIAL AND CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL CONTAMINATION |
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Term
Prepared from sterile commercial ingredients using sterile commercial devices (eg – needles, syringes, tubing)
Maintained in an ISO Class 5 environment (formerly referred to as Class 100) at all times (based on particle count… > or = 0.5 um particles)
Require only a few closed-system, basic aseptic transfers and manipulations (stopped vials, IV bags with rubber ports)
Within a laminar air flow workbench (LAFW). |
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Definition
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Term
Compounded from multiple pooled sterile commercial products for use by multiple patients or one patient multiple times.
Also include preparations :
- that require complex aseptic manipulations
- that take significant time to make
- that include no bacteriostat and are administered over several days
A typical TPN solution |
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Definition
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Term
Those that either are contaminated with microorganisms, or are considered to be at high risk for becoming contaminated
Should be reserved for situations in which the therapeutic needs of the patient cannot be met in a safer manner
CSPs prepared from non-sterile ingredients
CSPs using sterile ingredients in an environment that is inferior to ISO Class 5 (e.g., open countertop).
(more than 6 hours) between compounding and sterilization.
CSPs prepared during low- or medium-risk compounding during which touch contamination occurs (touching the needle to a nonsterile surface) |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT MUST YOU DO BEFORE COMPOUNDING. (pROVING COMPETENCY) |
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Definition
| WRITTEN AND MEDIA FILL TEST |
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Term
| THE IMMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT WHERE THE CSP ARE PREPARED? |
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Definition
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Term
| THE AREA WHERE THE WORK BENCH IS PLACED |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT LEVEL SHOULD THE CRITICAL AREA BE? THE BUFFER? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT NEEDS TO OCCUR AFTER COMPOUNDING BEFORE DISTRIBUTION. |
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Definition
| VISUAL CHECK, VERIFY ACCURACRY, DOUBLE CHECK MATERIAL AND CALCULATIONS |
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Term
| MICROBIOAL OR CHEMICAL STABILITY LIMIT OF THE CSP, WHICHEVER IS SHORTER |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT DOES BEYOND USE DATE CORRESPOND TO? |
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Definition
| RISK LEVEL, TIME AND TEMP OF STORAGE AND WHERE STORED |
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