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Definition
| Father of Genetics, did experiments with peas |
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Definition
| 1 allele needed to be expressed |
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Definition
| Both Alleles to be expressed |
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Definition
| half of genes from 1 parent, half from other |
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Definition
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| Tt "Different" (Genotype= Tt, Phenotype= Tall) |
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Definition
| The allele combinations in an individual that causes particular traits or disorders |
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Definition
| The expression of a gene in traits or symptoms |
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Definition
| the distribution of alleles of a gene into separate gametes during meiosis |
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Definition
| recessive, "lacks melanin", AA-Normal, aa= albino |
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Definition
lysosomal storage disease
Certain enzymes is lacking in lysomes
Lipids brain and spinal cord
Causes degeneration
Child dies very young |
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Definition
Build of Mucous in body
Interferes with respiratory, digestive, and other body function
Increases risk of infection |
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Definition
blood has a sickle shape
Interferes with oxygen carrying capacity
Causes it to crystallize
Joint pain
Organ damage
Passes to future generations |
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Term
| Characteristic of recessive genetic disorder |
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Definition
Are more severe
Symptoms earlier than dominant
Heterozygous conditions
Passes to future generations
Males and females affected
1/4 children are affected
Can Skip generations
Parent;s don't show symptoms but they are carriers |
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Term
| Examples of Autosomal dominant genetic disorders |
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Definition
| Marfan syndrome, Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Achondroplasia, Huntington's disease |
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Definition
German decent
Tall, lanky, spindly fingers, sunken chest
weaken aorta
high Cholesterol
eye problems |
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Term
| Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
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Definition
Mild to server
Some to all receptors to cholesterol
High Cholesterol
Take medication |
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Term
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Definition
Genetic dwarfism
Heterozygous- Aa
AA Dominant "lethal", aa is normal
Most common |
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Term
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Definition
| A fatal central nervous system disorder caused by a genetic miscode; affects of alleles do not show up until middle of adulthood |
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Term
| autosomal dominant genetic disorders |
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Definition
50% chance of passing gene
Affects males and females equally
Continues to passed down- dominant
harmful dominant genes are more rare
symptoms show up earlier than non-harmful
people become ill sooner
usually die before reproduce
Alleles are not passed |
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Term
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Definition
| person has the gene as recessive, but it does not show in phenotype-can be passed on from them |
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Term
| Law of Independent Assortment |
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Definition
For 2 genes on different chromosomes, inheritance of one doesn't affect other
packaged at random
crossing 2 traits
dihybrid cross
R=rough, r=wrinkled
Y=yellow, y= green |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of lines that connect shapes, display family relationships, shows genetic history |
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Term
| 2 lines connecting in a Pedigree...means... |
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Definition
| partners (marriage or sexual) |
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Term
| In a pedigree, a square represents a |
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Definition
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Term
| In a pedigree, a circle represents a... |
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Definition
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| In a pedigree, a diamond represents... |
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Definition
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Term
In a pedigree, roman numerals mean...
In a pedigree, arabic numbers or names represent...
Color or shaped shapes indicates...
1/2 shaped shapes indicates... |
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Definition
generations
individuals
a trait
a carrier |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| First pedigree was used for... |
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Definition
| the tracking of illnesses in several European royal families |
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Term
| Why is sickle cell prevalent in Africa? |
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Definition
| because malaria is prevalent in Africa and the plasmodium can't survive with it, so sickle cell continues to be passed on. |
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Term
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Definition
Death from genetic combination can occur at any stage of life
Many times means spontaneous abortion
Achondroplasia- genetic dwarfism
AA= autosomal dominant is lethal |
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Term
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Definition
| single gene disorder with many symptoms- porphyria variegata |
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Term
| characteristics of porphyria variegata |
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Definition
single- gene disorder with many symptoms
gene that controls many functions
difficult to trace
metabolic disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| Heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between that of either homozygous |
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Term
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Definition
Differnece alleles that are both expressed in a heterozygous
A,B & AB are dominant
O is recessive |
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Term
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Definition
| ABO blood goup based on co-dominant alleles |
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Term
| what determines blood type? |
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Definition
| Blood types are determined by proteins on surface of red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| A has B antibodies, B has A, AB has none, O has A and B |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| RH factor? What is dominant? |
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Definition
| Another protein on the surface of red blood cell- if you have it you are (+) if not, you are (-). (+) is dominant |
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Term
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Definition
| Mitochondria in the same cell having different alleles of a particular gene |
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Term
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Definition
| when one gene masks phenotype of another gene |
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Term
| Difference between mitochondrial DNA and Chromosomal DNA |
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Definition
Mitochondrial DNA: only from mothers, and no crossing over
Chromosomal DNA: Get from both parents |
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Term
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Definition
| When genes are close together on a chromosome, they usually don't segregate during meiosis and packed in some gamete |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutation occurs, affected area is one that receives mutated mitochondria. Affected enzyme that directly produces ATP= can be mild or severe |
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Term
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Definition
| Mitochondrial encephalopathy Lactic Acidosis Syndrome- breakdown of nervous system and organs |
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Term
| Mitochrodial disorders effect this type of cell |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Mitochodrial genes are the same as chromosomal genes |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the law of segregation? |
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Definition
| Chromosomes split in Anaphase and go to separate gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| single cell disease with many symptoms |
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Term
| T or F: Autosomal recessive genes can skip a geneation |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines blood type? |
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Definition
| Protein in red blood cells |
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