Term
| Explain how the DNA structure was elucidated |
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Definition
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Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase determined genes were made of DNA, not protein. Rosalind Franklin determined DNA was a double helix. Erwin Chargaff determined the percentage of each base. James Watson and Francis Crick put all this information together to build the DNA structure and won the Nobel Peace Prize
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Term
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Definition
| the biomolecule that contains the instructions necessary to produce and maintain life |
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Term
| Shape of DNA molecule and it's monomer |
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Definition
A DNA molecule has 5' end with a phosphate group and a 3' end with an OH group.
Monomer is a sugar- phosphate base |
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Term
| Complimentary base pairing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Long, thin DNA fragment that undergoes replication |
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Term
| Relationship between DNA molecules and chromosomes |
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Definition
| In eukaryotes, DNA molecules are called chromosomes |
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Term
| State the number of base pairs in the human genome |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sequences of DNA that code for a protein (which results in a trait) |
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Term
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Definition
| Full set of DNA in an individual organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternate versions of a gene; codes for an alternate version of the trait |
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Term
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Definition
| Any single characteristic or feature of an organism |
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Term
| Identify what percent of the human genome contains genes |
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Definition
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Term
| State the number of genes in the human genome |
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Definition
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Term
| Define homologous chromosomes and explain where each homologue came from |
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Definition
| A chromosome with the same sequence as another, 23 from mom, 23 from dad |
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Term
| State the various functions or forms of non- coding DNA |
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Definition
| Can consist of gene fragments, duplicate versions of genes, and pseudogenes |
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Term
| Identify 3 different types of repeated sequences |
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Definition
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Short tandem repeats (STRs)
Minisatellite
Variable number tandem repeater (VNTRs)
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Term
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Definition
| a segment of DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| non coding regions that occur within genes |
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Term
| Explain the relationship between organism complexity and genome size |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Identical copies of chromosomes, connected by a centromere
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple replication bubbles along the entire strand |
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Term
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Definition
| Joins nucleotides in 5' to 3' direction |
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Term
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Definition
| Seals any breaks in sugar-phosphate backbone |
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Term
| Semi conservative replication |
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Definition
| each single strand serves as a template for a new strand; one of old strands from the parent is conserved in each of the new daughter molecules |
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Term
| State the time it takes to replicate 3 billion base pairs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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A picture of matched up replicated homologous chromosomes
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Term
| Differentiate gene mutation from chromosomal mutation |
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Definition
gene mutation: change in sequence affecting order of amino acids in protein
chromosomal: change in overall organization of genes on a chromosome |
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Term
| Explain point mutation, additions, and deletions |
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Definition
| Point: a change in a single DNA nucleotide |
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Term
| Differentiate mutations that occur in germ cells vs. non-germ cells |
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Definition
Germ cells: passed on to offspring
Non-germ: not passed on |
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Term
| State 2 general causes of mutations |
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Definition
| Replication errors, mutagens: substances that alter DNA |
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Term
| Explain the function of repair proteins |
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Definition
| Get rid of/ fix mutations |
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Term
| Describe 3 potential outcomes of mutations |
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Definition
| Beneficial trait, no affect, or negative trait |
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