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DNA
project
25
Biology
9th Grade
02/21/2014

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Term
Nucleotide
Definition
two long chains that make up DNA
Term
Nitrogenous base
Definition
a base that contains nitrogen and carbon atoms.
Term
Deoxyribose
Definition
the five carbon sugar in DNA.
Term
purines
Definition
Double ring carbon and nitrogen atoms
Term
pyrimidine
Definition
single ring with carbon and nitrogen atoms
Term
base sequence
Definition
the order of nitrogenous base on a chain of DNA
Term
Helicases
Definition
an enzyme that separate DNA strands
Term
DNA Replication
Definition
DNA is copied before going into meiosis and mitosis
Term
replication fork
Definition
two DNA strands separate
Term
DNA Polymerase
Definition
an enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides
Term
semi-conservative replication
Definition
in DNA double Helix there is an original and one new molecule
Term
Mutation
Definition
the change in the nucleotide sequence
Term
transcription
Definition
DNA acts like a template in RNA synthesis
Term
Translation
Definition
RNA directs the making of proteins
Term
protein synthesis
Definition
Proteins based on info in DNA and carried out by RNA
Term
ribose
Definition
sugar found in RNA
Term
Messenger RNA
Definition
Single stranded molecule that makes protein
Term
Ribosomal RNA
Definition
Part of the structure of ribosomes
Term
transfer RNA
Definition
Transfers amino acids to ribosomes to make protein
Term
codon
Definition
three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that encodes an amino acid
Term
anticodon
Definition
three nucleotides on a RNA that are complementary to the sequence of a codon in mRNA
Term
Genic code
Definition
the nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells.
Term
termination signal
Definition
found at the end of the part of the chromosome being transcribed during transcription of mRNA.
Term
promoter
Definition
a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
Term
RNA polymerase
Definition
enzyme that copies DNA into RNA
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