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Definition
| Structural of genes that are located under the control of one promotor and operator sequence |
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| transfer of genes from an organism to its offspring |
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Definition
| a process by which info is encoded in a gene is used to make a functional gene product |
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Definition
| a process by which a donor cel can transfer its pasmid to the recipient cell via a pilus |
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Definition
| a process by which exchange of segments of DNA occur |
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Definition
| reguation of gene expression |
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Definition
| the genetic makeup of an organism |
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Definition
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Definition
| the process by which a repressor can stop the transciption of a protein |
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Definition
| a regulatory sequence to which RNA polymerase binds during transcription |
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Definition
| the process by which bacterai cell picks up DNA from the enviroment |
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Definition
| a molecule that binds to the repressor protein ad allows for gene expression |
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Definition
| the process that allows transcription of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of genes between two organisms in the same generation |
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Term
| RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES |
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Definition
| enzymes which cut DNA at specfic sequences , produced nataturally by bacteria to destroy the DNA of invading virues |
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Term
| PCR (polymerase chain reaction) |
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Definition
| a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particularDNA sequence. |
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Term
how can DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify the perpetrator of a crime: |
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Definition
. Obtain DNA samples from victim and suspects;
2. Lyse cells to extract and purify DNA;
3. Amplify DNA using PCR;
4. Cut DNA with restriction endonucleases;
5. Run DNA out on an electrophoresis gel;
6. Compare the patterns of DNA fragments with each other to determine which ones match with each other; and finally,
7. Identify perpetrator.
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Term
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Definition
| simple duplication of a cell and all of its parts. It duplicates its DNA and the two new cells (daughter cells) have the same pieces and genetic code. |
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Term
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Definition
Period of growth and metabolism, reproduction of organelles
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Term
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Definition
Period of DNA synthesis, only occurs if the cell is preparing to divide |
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Definition
| Protein synthesis in preparation for cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| each chromosome has two genetically indentical |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the middle region that attachs the sister chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
| splitting of a bacterial cell into two gentically indentical cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique. |
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Definition
| the regeion of the centeromere to where the spindle fibers attach |
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Definition
| cells with ONE copy of each chromosome |
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Definition
| has TWO copies of each chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| The union of an ovum and sperm creates a |
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Definition
| the process that yields specialized reproductive cells, (gametes) which contain a single copy of each chromosome—are haploid |
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Term
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Definition
23 pairs of homologous chromosomes;
46 single chromosomes
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Term
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Definition
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Term
During meiosis I, the chromosome number is______ In the case of humans, the chromosome number is reduced from __ to __. |
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Definition
During meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced in half. In the case of humans, the chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23. |
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Term
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Definition
| are chromosomes that have the same genes in the same locations. |
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Term
Gametes ____, Mitosis, _____, Haploid (1n), _____,
___ Chromosomes, Chromosomes, _______. |
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Definition
Gametes Zygote, Mitosis, Meiosis, Haploid (1n), Diploid (2n), 23 Chromosomes, 46 Chromosomes, Fertilization. |
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Term
| What are the similarities between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? |
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Definition
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are similar in that both involve the process of meiosis, and the resulting cells are haploid and genetically different from each other. |
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Term
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Definition
the cytokinesis occurs evenly so 4 cells of equivalent size are produced – each becoming a functional sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
THE cytokinesis is uneven and nearly all of the cytoplasm becomes part of one cell. The result is 1 large, functional egg, and 2 or 3 small, non-functional polar bodies that degenerate. The egg requires nutrients in the cytoplasm to provide nourishment for the developing embryo before it implants in the uterus.
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Term
1. Individuals with Down syndrome have __copies of chromosome #__, instead of the normal __ copies. |
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Definition
Individuals with Down syndrome have 3 copies of chromosome #21, instead of the normal 2 copies. |
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Term
When the chromosomes involved do not include the sex chromosomes, the abnormality is referred to as _____because the non-sex chromosomes are the autosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The appearance of a set of chromosomes from one cell. To achieve a karyotype, the chromosomes are photographed, and line up from largest to smallest. |
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Term
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Definition
A cell which will undergo meiosis and result in the production of one egg (ovum). |
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Term
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Definition
The coming together in pairs of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis. Once synapsis takes place, crossing-over can occur. Homologous chromosomes remain synapsed through metaphase I. |
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Term
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Definition
A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes. The fertilized egg in animals. |
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Term
WHEN IN MEIOSIS (MEIOSIS I OR II) DO HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES SEPARATE? |
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Definition
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Term
WHEN IN MEIOSIS IS THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER REDUCED FROM DIPLOID TO HAPLOID? |
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Definition
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Term
Crossing-over occurs between non-sister chromatids during _______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| The science of genes, heredity and variation in living organisms |
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Term
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Definition
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein |
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Term
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Definition
A particular version of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| A physical characteristic that can be seen or measured—behavioral and psychological traits as well |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes—humans have 46 chromosomes: 22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. |
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