Term
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Definition
| An organisms complete set of DNA |
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Term
| What is the Human Genome Project? |
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Definition
| A 13 year long project to identify the order of all 3 billion base pairs in human DNA |
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Term
| How many base pairs does the Human Genome contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many genes does the Human Genome contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| How will the information from the Human Genome Project help us in the future? |
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Definition
| Developing molecular medicine, energy & environmental applications, risk assessment (assess DNA), bio-archaeology, anthropology, evolution, DNA forensics, agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of identifying the order of nitrogen bases within a segment of DNA or a gene? |
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Term
| What is within each reaction mixture for the process of DNA sequencing? |
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Definition
| DNA segment of unknown sequence, DNA polymerase, a primer, a mixture of four naturally occurring nucleotides, one of the four radioactively labeled dideoxynucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does the Lac Operon operate? |
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Definition
| Lac genes turned OFF by the repressor protein and turned ON by the presence of Lactose |
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Term
| How the Lac Operon works WITHOUT Lactose? |
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Definition
| DNA binding protein is bound to the OPERATOR, so RNA polymerase CANNOT work |
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Term
| How the Lac Operon works WITH Lactose? |
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Definition
| Lactose binds to repressor DNA binding protein, this causes the protein to change SHAPE and FALL OFF the DNA Operator, so RNA polymerase CAN work |
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Term
| What does the Lac Operon have? |
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Definition
| Promoter - nucleotide sequence where RNA polymerase binds, operator - segment of DNA used to turn gene expression on or off, repressor protein binds here, three genes - for making proteins involved in breaking down lactose |
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Term
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Definition
| Polymerase Chain Reaction |
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Term
| What are the basic steps of PCR? |
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Definition
| Denaturation (94 degrees Celsius, Primer annealing (57 degrees Celsius), polymerization/extension (75 degrees Celsius) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pull apart/cut double-stranded DNA to form single stranded template DNA |
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Term
| What does primer annealing do? |
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Definition
| Match primers against complimentary sequences on all the template DNA strands |
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Term
| What does polymerization do? |
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Definition
| Write in the nitrogen bases (A,C,G,T) that would be added to the primer matching the complimentary bases on the template DNA from the 5' to the 3' |
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Term
| What is the objective of PCR? |
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Definition
| To amplify a small region of DNA |
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Term
| How does the temperature affect the process of PCR? |
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Definition
| Affects the ability of the double-stranded DNA to go through all the processes successfully |
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Term
| What are three uses of PCR? |
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Definition
| Cloning, genetic fingerprinting, and prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease |
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Term
| What does Taq stand for and where do they live? |
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Definition
| Thermus Aquaticus, Hot Springs |
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Term
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Definition
| Small section of DNA that is single stranded |
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Term
| What is the relationship between the number of cut sites and the number of DNA fragments for plasmid DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the linear relationship between the number of cut sites and the number of DNA fragments for linear DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is DNA called when it is a combination of 2 sources? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What shape is bacterial DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What s used to cut the insulin gene out of the human DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Set of genes controlled by an on & off switch |
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Term
| What needs to happen for the tryptophan operon to turn on? |
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Definition
| The tryptophan binds to the repressor protein, then links to the promoter site where RNA polymerase attaches & can go along the gene group to transcribe the genes |
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