Term
|
Definition
*proved that DNA could change properties
-S bacteria was killed and transferred DNA to R bacteria
-new R bacteria could kill the mouse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. pentose sugar
-Deoxyribose
-Ribose (2 OH')
2. Bases
-Purines: A and G (two rings)
-Pyrimidines: C and T (one ring) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A+G = T+C
purines=pyrimidines
-adenine always equals thymine |
|
|
Term
| Describe the DNA backbone |
|
Definition
-two strands run in opposite directions: antiparallel
-oxygen on phosphorus is ionized
-gives negative charge
a. makes DNA acidic
b. allows it to bind to basic proteins
c. keeps bases from coming together |
|
|
Term
Describe the helical structure of DNA
-major and minor groove |
|
Definition
-right handed helix with horizontal base pairs
-major groove is 22 A
-minor groove is 12 A
-one turn is 34 A with 3.4 A between base pairs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-one strand is cut and rotated 360 degrees about the other
-compacts genome
-can compact DNA sections independently |
|
|
Term
Describe DNA packaging
1. size
2. chromatin |
|
Definition
1. chromosome: 10-85,000 micro meters
2. made of DNA, proteins, RNA and histones
"beads on a string" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*prevents digestion by endonuclease
Histone octamer
-1.7 turns
-146 bp protected
-8 total and 4 types of protein
(H2a, H2b, H3, H4)
-tails contain basic residues |
|
|
Term
Describe the following chromosomal regions
1. centromeres
2. telomeres |
|
Definition
1. 93% T-A= easily broken
2. unique structures, not repaired |
|
|
Term
Describe the following discoveries by the following:
1. Watson/Crick
2. Avery/MacLeod/McCarty
3. Chargaff
4. Griffith
5. Hershey/Chase |
|
Definition
1. first accurate DNA model
2. proved DNA was transforming agent
3. collected data on base rations
4. transformed IIR bacteria to IIS in mice
5. used 32P and 35S to show genetic info in bacteriophage |
|
|
Term
Describe what each person did:
1. Fredrick Griffith
2. Sia and Dawson
3. Avery, McCarty, MacLeod
4. Hershey and Chase |
|
Definition
1. found that something can change physical properties
2. showed transformation was possible in liquid
3. found that DNA was transforming principle
4. furthered proved DNA by using radioactive P and S |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-like a nucleosome but contains H1 protein
-acts as a linker protein
-166 bp are protected
-9 total proteins and 5 types |
|
|
Term
| Describe the 3 Levels of DNA Packaging |
|
Definition
1. Nucleosomes (11nm) containing H2a/b, H3, H4 histones
2. Supercoiling to produce 30 nm chromatin fiber
-H1 is invovled
3. Nonhistone proteins form scaffolding to produce metaphase chromosome |
|
|
Term
Describe centromeres
1. Region I and III
2. Region II |
|
Definition
1. short, conserved boundary sequences
-binding sites for proteins involved in spindle fiber attachment
2. AT rich (90%) and about 90 nucleotides long |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-highly conserved
-terminate with G rich region
T-loops: SS from 3' end binds with complimentary strand upstream
-the displaced DNA is protected by POT-1
-also TRF-1 and TRF-2 protein complexes |
|
|
