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DNA flash cards
chapter 7 study guide
8
Biology
10th Grade
05/10/2009

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Term
Describe a DNA molecule's structure.
Definition
A DNA molecule is made of individual nucleotides forming a double helix. These nucleotides are made of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen base. Bases always bond with each other, cytosine with guanine and thymine with adenine.
Term
What's the relationship between genes and DNA?
Definition
The code found in DNA strands forms genes which tell your body what proteins to make.
Term
What is replication?
Definition
Replication is the copying of DNA. Hilacase "unzips" the DNA at the hydrogen bonds and DNA polymerase checks it for mistakes before the strand is copied.
Term
How are genes expressed?
Definition
They're expressed through protein synthesis. During this process DNA is transcribed to mRNA that exits the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Ribosomes in the cytoplasm use the code to translate it into amino acids that form a protein.
Term
What are some types of mutations?
Definition
Point mutations and frame shifts
Term
What are possible effects of mutations?
Definition
Point mutations will only change one amino acid, which will change the protein, but not too severely. A frame shift, however, will change all of the amino acids following the mistake and completely change the protein.
Term
What are the stages of the cell cycle and why is it important?
Definition
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
The cycle is important because it allows cells to reproduce.
Term
What are some of the risk factors associated with it?
Definition
Some of cancer's risk factors include smoking, overexposure to sunlight, drugs and alcohol, genetics, stress, chemical exposure, lack o exercise, unprotected sex, occupation, and a lack of check-ups.
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