Term
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Definition
| apurinic, apyrimidic site formed by N-glycosyl bond cleavage, the first step in base excision repair, and contains open deoxyribose group and free aldehyde |
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Term
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Definition
| product formed by attaching a chemical group to DNA, removed by nucleotide excision repair |
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Definition
| highly reactive group of electrophiles that damage DNA by transferring alkyl groups to centers of negative charge, removed by suicide enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| takes place at nitrogen and oxygen atoms external to the base ring; nitrogen atoms in base ring systems except those linked to deoxyribose; non-bridging oxygen atoms in phosphate groups, caused by alkylating agents |
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Term
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Definition
| second enzyme in base excision repair pathway that hydrolyzes phosphodiester bond 5' to AP site to generate a nick |
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Term
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Definition
| removes and replaces bases damaged by deamination, oxidation, and alkylation |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA damaging agents that cause cancer in higher animals, detected based on ability to restore mutant gene activity |
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Term
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Definition
| blocking of DNA strand separation, repaired by nucleotide excision repair |
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Term
| cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) |
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Definition
| about 75% of UV-induced damage, one bond between C-5 atoms and another between C-6 bonds. Common: T-T, then C-T and C-C |
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Term
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Definition
| direct alkyl group removal (by suicide enzyme sometimes) |
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Term
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Definition
| water-mediated: converts cytosine to uracil, guanine to xanthin, and adenine to hypoxanthine, |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme with just glycosylase activity, detect damaged base, flip it out of DNA helix into active site pocket, and cleave N-glycosyl bond |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme with glycosylase and AP lyase activity, detect damaged base, flip it out of DNA helix into active site pocket, and cleave N-glycosyl bond |
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Term
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Definition
| type of clustered lesion, thought to be primary reason ionizing radiation is lethal to cells and various chromosomal aberrations (deletions, duplicatinos, inversions, translocations) |
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Term
| error-prone DNA polymerase |
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Definition
| catalyze translesion DNA synthesis, able to extend primer strand even when template strand is damaged |
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Term
| global genome nucleotide excision repair |
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Definition
| pathway for repairing untranscribed DNA, most of cell's DNA is not being transcribed at a given time |
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Term
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Definition
| cleavage of phosphodiester bonds, N-glycosyl bonds, or bonds linking exocyclic amine groups to bases |
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Term
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Definition
| homodimer that regulates E. Coli SOS response by binding to operator just before SOS response genes |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative base excision pathway in mammalian cells when two to eight nucleotides are replaced |
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Term
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Definition
| point mutation in which a single nucleotide is changed, resulting in a codon that codes for a different amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| removes mismatches and short insertions or deletions that are present in DNA after replication |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| point mutation in a sequence of DNA that results in a premature stop codon |
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Term
| nucleotide excision repair |
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Definition
| removes bulky adducts from DNA by excising an oligonucleotide bearing the lesion and replacing it with new DNA, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, damaged bases formed by alkylating agents, cross-links |
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Term
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Definition
| proto-oncogenes altered by mutations that synthesize a larger quantity of the normal gene product or a more active mutant gene product |
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Term
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Definition
| when reactive oxygen species produced by mechanisms other than cellular respiration by the hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide |
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Term
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Definition
| reverses damage caused by cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation by disrupting carbon-carbon bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| codes for products that promote normal cell growth and division |
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Term
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Definition
| multifunctional protein essential for regulating SOS response, error prone DNA synthesis, and homologous recombination, binds to single-stranded DNA and acts as SOS response signal |
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Term
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Definition
| signal that activates multigene response to DNA damage in E. coli after UV irradiation or chemically induced chromosomal change, induces synthesis of DNA polymerases II, IV, and V |
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Term
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Definition
| isomers of organic compounds that readily interconvert by tautomerization |
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Term
| transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair |
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Definition
| pathway for repairing transcribed DNA, |
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Term
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Definition
| pyrimidine on one strand replaced by a different pyrimidine and purine replaced by a different purine |
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Term
| translesion DNA synthesis |
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Definition
| DNA synthesis across a lesion, csynthesized by error-prone DNA polymerases |
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Term
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Definition
| pyrimdine replaced by a purine on one strand and a purine replaced by a pyrimidine on the other strand |
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Term
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Definition
| code for products that cause cell devision and replication to slow down, mutations lead to cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 proteins that participate in incision and excision in nucleotide excision repair |
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Term
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Definition
| autosomal recessive disorder of DNA repair in which the ability to repair damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) light is deficient |
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