Term
| What is the normal composition and complexion of cerebrospinal fluid? |
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Definition
| Colorless, clear, contains few cells and little protein |
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Term
| Infections such as meningitis or abscesses produce CSF with what kind of complexion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Red blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid is common in cases of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A yellow discoloration of cerebrospinal fluid (xanthrochromia) is indicative of what? |
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Definition
| Presence of oxyhemoglobin in cerebrospinal fluid due to subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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Term
| Primary CNS tumors have what effect on cerebrospinal fluid? What does this occur? |
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Definition
| Elevates protein levels because CNS tumors do not have a blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier or a blood brain barrier |
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Term
| What are some other cerebrospinal fluid composition indicators of pathology? |
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Definition
| Glucose composition and the detection of neurotransmitter metabolites |
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Term
| What marker for idiopathic Parkinson's disease can be detected in CSF composition? |
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Definition
| Decrease in catecholamine neurotransmitter metabolites |
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Term
| Skull fractures can produce a leak of CSF into where? |
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Definition
| Nasal cavities or the external auditory meatus, can cause spread of bacteria into the meninges |
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Term
| Lesions bewteen the meningeal dura and arachnoid or disruptions of the arachnoid membrane are known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the common consequence of hemorrhages that spread into the ventricular system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Increases in intracranial pressure related to a block in CSF flow is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| An elevated CSF pressure is generally considered to be in what range? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can CSF pressure be measured? |
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Definition
| Lumbar cistern, epidural, subarachnoid, intraventricular, intraperynchymal (in brain tissue) |
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Term
| What are some symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to CSF flow? |
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Definition
| Altered levels of consciousness, papilledema, forced downward gaze, seizures, vomiting, Cushing's triad |
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Term
| What is defined as Cushing's triad? |
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Definition
| Hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respiration |
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Term
| An increase in CSF pressure in some parts of the ventricles due to obstruction of the flow of CSF by a physical blockage is known as what? |
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Definition
| Non-communicating hydrocephalus |
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Term
| Where are potential sites of non-communicating hydrocephalus? |
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Definition
| Interventricular foramina, cerebral aqueduct, caudal portions of the fourth ventricle, foramina of the fourth ventricle |
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Term
| An expansion of the lateral ventricles without an increase in size of the third or fourth ventricles would indicate a blockage at what point? |
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Definition
| Interventricular foramen of Monro |
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Term
| What enlarges if the fourth ventricle or foramina of the fourth ventricle is blocked? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure of CSF naturally varies with what body functions? |
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Definition
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Term
| A lack of change in CSF pressure in response to compression of the internal jugular veins is an abnormal sign known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What might occur during a lumbar puncture if increases CSF pressure is present? |
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Definition
| Higher pressure in the cranial compartment may produce a herniation into the spinal column |
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Term
| Total or partial blockage of CSF movement into the venous system is known as what? |
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Definition
| Communicating hydrocephalus |
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Term
| What parts of the ventricular system will be enlarged in cases of communicating hydrocephalus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Disruptions of arachnoid granulations and the waxing and waning of CSF pressure over time is characteristic of what? |
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Definition
| Normal pressure hyrdocephalus |
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Term
| What might cause normal pressure hydrocephalus? |
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Definition
| Chronic meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, osteitis deformans (Paget disease) of the base of the skull |
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Term
| What some symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus? |
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Definition
| Urinary problems, impaired gait, dementia, can mimic Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease |
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Term
| What form of hydrocephalus is not a true hydrocephalus and a result of general atrophy of the brain and relatively larger ventricles because of a loss of white matter, possibly due to ventricular enlargement following a stroke? |
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Definition
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