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Disorders and diseases of the muscular system
Diseases.
21
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/29/2009

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Term
[image]"Charley Horse"
Definition
An injury common among athletes, in which a muscles is bruised or torn. it is accompanied by cramps and sever pain. most frequently in the quadriceps femoris. Now called fibromyositis. Treatment with massage and heat
Term
[image]cramp
Definition
a sustained spasm usually accompanied by severe pain , and increased nervous stimulation. treatment with stretching and ion replenishing liquids.
Term
[image]hernia
Definition
a protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the walls of the cavity that normally contains it. also referred to as a "rupture". surgery is best
Term
[image]myasthenia gravis
Definition
an autoimmune condition in which there is great muscular weakness without atrophy affecting the muscle of the face and neck of a women, due to the inablity of nervous impulses to intiate contraction muscle fibers at motor end plate. special drugs are used to improve nerve transmission to muscles, but no real cure. death is usually bt the paralyzing of repiratory muscle
Term
[image]Muscular atrophy
Definition
reduction in size of muscle which has previously reached mature size. my result from interruption to direct innernation, disuse, or pathological conditions involving muscles directly eventually resulting in paralysis. excising reduces atrophy effects
Term
[image]muscular dystrophy
Definition
Genetic disorder-progressive atrophy of superficial not internal skeletal muscles, increased weakness and eventually death, found mostly males, causes is believed to be a missing gene on the X chromosome. physical therapy helps. but there is no cure with death about age 20.
Term
[image]myotonia
Definition
a condition in when a muscle that has contacted will not relax immediately after stimulation ceases. observed in various muscles diseases.
Term
[image]spasm
Definition
a sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles , sometimes caused by chemical imbalance or brain dysfunction. sometimes called a "convulsion". if they are constant, medical attention is needed for a diagnosis
Term
[image]tetanus
Definition
a sustained contraction of a muscle. also the name of a disease, commonly called "lockjaw", which is characterized by sustained contraction of certain volunay muscles, particulary the back. it is caused by the toxin of an infection bacterium (clostridium tentani). treatment is an injection of tenanus toxiod when admitted to hospital with injuy
Term
[image]tetany
Definition
a condition characterized by painful,intermittent, tonic spasm of muscles of the hands feet, and throat. its due to changes in pH and extra cellular calcium parathyroid hormone deficiency, vitamin deficiency, or alkalosis. calcium is the most recommended treatment
Term
[image]fibrosis
Definition
a degenerative disease in which skeletal muscle is replaced by fibrous connective tissue, causes is believed to be genetic
Term
myokymia
Definition
a persistent quivering of muscular disorders, drugs, influenza, rheumatic fever, infectious bacteria or metabolic toxicity
Term
[image]shin splints
Definition
irritation of anterior tibialis muscle due to excessive excising leading to inflammation of soreness of local tissues like the periosteum and fasciae. sometimes the periosteaum is torn from tibia
Term
[image]toricollis
Definition
condition in which the head is twistered to one side due to an injury to the sternocleidomastiod muscle in the neck. Physical therapy and drugs
Term
[image]tenoynovitis
Definition
tendon's covering(synovium) working the fingers becomes inflamed, tender and painful, with overuse. with infections there is a need for anti-inflammatory drugs, mostly analgesics are used for pain. overuse of computers contributes to this
Term
[image]tendonitis
Definition
usually caused by a minor injury to the tendon or overuse. tennis elbow or golf elbow are examples, analgesic drugs and steroids are recommended with rest
Term
[image]ganglia
Definition
swelling under the skin at the wrist and the top of the foot - a jelly- like substance accumulates in the joint capsule, can be very painful and can be removed by surgery
Term
[image]Plantar fasciitis
Definition
inflammation of the heal bone and the fasciae along the sole, can be very painful and develop heal spurs. treatment involves physical therapy, heat, stretching, ore change in shoes.
Term
[image]contussion of muscle or bruise
Definition
local crush injury to muscle, release of myoglobin causes skin discoloration and possible kidney failure.
Term
[image]muscle tension
Definition
results in myalgia and stiffness in neck, back, and might cause headaches and high blood pressure. treatments include heat message, biofeedback, and relaxation training
Term
myopathy
Definition
any disease of the muscles
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