Term
| What are the primary infectious conditions of the bovine digit? |
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Definition
-foot rot
-interdigital dermatitis
-heel horn erosion
-digital dermatitis |
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Term
| What is deep digital sepsis (DDS? |
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Definition
| -secondary condiiton that occurs hwen deeper structures get infected |
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Term
| What are the other names of foot rot? |
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Definition
-interdigital phlegmon
-interdigital necrobacillosis
-foul in the foot IN europe
-lure |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of lameness in beef cattle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the causes of foot rot? |
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Definition
-FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHORUM
-Bacteroides melaninogenicus
-Dichelobacter (BActeroides) nodosus in sheep |
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Term
| Describe the organisms that cause foot rot as a whole? |
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Definition
-normal intestinal inhabitants
-require alteration in normal skin: trauma, moisture
-may be contagious |
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Term
| Which of the organisms that cause foot rot is most contagious? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of foot rot? |
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Definition
-moderate to severe lameness
-diffuse swelling of foot
-necrosis of interdigital skin
-foul odor
-commonly leads to DDS if untreated |
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Term
| How do we treat foot rot? |
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Definition
-Antibiotics are effective if given early: Penicillin, Oxytetracycline, Ceftiofur, Florfenicol, Tulathromycin
-Debride and bandage with topical antibiotic if severe |
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Term
| What is the common name for interdigital dermatitis? Causes? |
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Definition
-aka Slurry heel
-Cause: Dichelobacter nodosus and occurs when housed in wet, dirty conditions |
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Term
| What are the clinical findings of interdigital dermatitis? |
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Definition
-exudate in interdigital space
-no swelling
-minimal lameness |
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Term
| What is the primary importance of interdigital dermatiits? How do we treat it? |
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Definition
-may lead to heel erosion and subsequent lameness
-Treat: usually not needed, clean area, topical antibiotic |
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Term
| What is the cause of heel horn erosion? |
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Definition
-thought to occur secondary to interdigital dermatitis
-roel of laminitis unknown |
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Term
| What are the clinical findings of heel horn erosion? |
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Definition
-minimal lameness
-altered biomechanics |
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Term
| How do we treat heel horn erosion? |
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Definition
-routine claw trimming
-foot baths: copper sulfate or formalin
-clean environment |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of infectious lameness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the other names for digital dermatitis? |
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Definition
-Hairy heel warts
-Strawberry foot rot
-raspberry heel |
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Term
| What are the causes of digital dermatitis? |
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Definition
-exact pathophysiology unknown
-Treponema spp.
-May occur secondary to interdigital dermatitis/heel horn erosion
-exposure to wet dirty conditions |
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Term
| What are the clinical findings of digital dermatitis? |
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Definition
-moderate to severe lameness
-red, ulcerative to proliferative lesions in fleft between heel bulbs
-lesions very painful
-minimal swelling
-may be highly contagious |
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Term
| What is the treatment of digital dermatitis? |
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Definition
-clean affected area
-topical antibiotics: Oxytetracycline
-bandage severe lesions
-relatively high rate of reoccurence |
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Term
| How do we treat the herd as a whole for digital dermatitis? |
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Definition
-topical spray through garden sprayer: oxytetracyline
-foot baths: may ocntain many different chemicals, difficult to maintain, environmental concerns |
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Term
| Deep digital sepsis is a collective term including what 4 things? |
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Definition
-periarticular abscess
-septic arthritis (coffin joint)
-osteitis/osteomyelitis
-septic tenosyonvitis |
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Term
| What does deep digital sepsis occur secondary to? |
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Definition
-sole ulcer, white line disease, subsolar abscess
-foot rot, lacerations, penetrating foreign body |
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Term
| What is the cause of deep digital sepsis? |
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Definition
| -extension of infectious process from superficial to deep structures of the digit |
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Term
| What are the clinical findings seen with deep digital sepsis? |
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Definition
-severe lameness
-variable swelling depending on structures involed
-draining tracts
-bone destruction on rads |
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Term
| What is a periarticular abscess? |
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Definition
-significant swelling of caudal aspect of digit
-may involve navicular bone/bursa |
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Term
| How do we diagnose periarticular abscesses? |
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Definition
-characteristic swelling
-draining tracts
-radiography |
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Term
| How do we treat periarticular abscesses? |
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Definition
-drainage
-depends on other structures involved |
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Term
| What is septic arthritis of coffin joint? |
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Definition
-distinct swelling above coronary band
-most pronounced dorsally and laterally |
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Term
| How do we diagnose septic arthritis? |
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Definition
-chracteristics swelling
-draining tracts
-radiography
-arthrocentesis |
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Term
| How do we treat deep digital sepsis? |
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Definition
-early cases: thorough lavage
-arthrotomy: incision in joint and then flush
-facilitated ankylosis: joint fusion
-arhtordesis: remove everything and put in implant
-claw amputation: most common |
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Term
| What is osteitis/osteomyelitis? How do we diagnose it? How do we treat it? |
|
Definition
-mild involvement ot severe destruction of P3
-rads and follow draining tracts
-curettage, claw amputation |
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Term
| What is septic tenosynovitis? |
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Definition
-unilateral or bilateral
-swelling along caudal aspect of lib to level of fetlock
-often secondary to periarticular abscess |
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Term
| How do we diagnose septic tenosynovitis? |
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Definition
-characteristic swelling
-ultrasonography
-synoviocentesis |
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Term
| How do we treat septic tenosynovitis? |
|
Definition
-drainage
-tendon resection
-claw amputation: common |
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Term
| How do we administer regional antibiotics? |
|
Definition
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Term
| WHy would we use claw amputations for deep digital sepsis? |
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Definition
-often encessary to remove infected tissue
-relative eayse: especially wiht hydraulic hsoot
-prognosis |
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Term
| What 4 factors does the prognosis of claw amputations depend on? |
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Definition
-severity of infection and how high up infection goes
larger animals tend to not o as well
breeding bulsl do not do well
less ideal for bulls b/c of their size |
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Term
| Which cruciate do we we cut during a claw amputation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the care techniques with claw amputation? |
|
Definition
-ligate vessels if needed (loosen turniquet first)
-place pressure bandage
-replace bandage in 5-7 days
-stop bandaging once granulation tissue has covered bone |
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