Term
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Definition
dysphagia (Plummer-Vinson) *specific sx
disfigured fingernails (spoon nails) *specific sx
malaise, fatigue, pallor, exercise intolerance |
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Definition
allopecia (balding)
isolated puritic lesions of the scalp w/ clear center
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Definition
man is given an antibiotic for infxn (tmp-Sulfa),
results in dark urine, and anemia with a high reticulocyte count |
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Definition
sometimes granuloma in tunica media
typical of Females less than 40
Typical in aortic arch and branches
lower pressure/pulses in upper extremities |
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Term
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Definition
segmental transmural necrotizing inflam of medium to small arteries.
has deposits of immune complexes / complement
histo has fibrinoid necrosis of vessel wall |
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Term
| Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Dz) |
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Definition
thrombosing vasculitis of medium and small arteries (commonly radial and tibial)
typically in heavy smokers, beginning before 35 y/o |
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Term
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Definition
yeast form only, round polysaccharide capsule, narrow-based buds.
most common meningoencephalitis
primary infxn is lung
opportunistic (HIV+ / immuno defict)
Bird/pigeon poop and some soil
Dx via CSF latex agglutination, india ink stain the CSF |
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Term
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Definition
Thiamine (B1) deficiency usually w/ EtOH abuse
ataxia, nystagmus, opthalmoplegia, and anterograde amnesia. Is acute B1 deficiency
IV dextrose w/o B1 supplement will cause acute drop of B1 |
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Term
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Definition
chronic Thiamine deficiency (B1)
antero/retrograde amnesia, apathy, lack of insight, conflabulation. Necrosis of mammillary body - responsible for papez circut of lymbic system (emotion/memory control) |
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Term
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Definition
| swollen gums, bruising, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing, and poor immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| unable to hydroxylate proline and lysine in collagen synthesis in rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
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Definition
| Type I collagen prob b/c wrong glycosylation molecule added in RER causing steric hinderance - no triple helix |
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Definition
hyperextendable skin
tendency to bleed & bruise
vascular dz like anyeruism and dissection
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
diarrhea, flatulence, foul stools, cramping
fecal smear shows ellipsoidal cysts w/ well-defined walls and 2+ nuclei |
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Term
| Echinococcus granulosus infestation |
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Definition
| cysts of the liver which when ruptured cause anaphylaxis. what causes this? |
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Term
| Lyme DZ - typically 1st stage |
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Definition
| erythematous macule which spreads out leaving a central clear zone |
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Term
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Definition
| bug which causes palmoplantar erythematous macular or petechial eruptions which start as a radial rash on periphery but migrates toward the trunk. Headache and conjunctival hyperemia with fever are common |
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Term
| Acute rheumatic fever shows this with large histiocytes. These can be found in all 3 hear layers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absence of HGPRT which takes hypoxanthine to IMP inosine mono phosphate, and then to GMP. Result is excess Uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| retardation, self-mutilation, aggression, hyperuricemia, gout. |
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Term
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Definition
| missing Adenosine deaminase - |
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Term
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Definition
Immotile cilia - dynein arm defect.
infertile males and females
bronchiectasis & sinusitis
situs inversus |
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Term
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Definition
decreased/no phagocytosis due to defect in microtubule polymerization
causes recurrent pyogenic infections |
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Term
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST1)
Enterotoxins
Exfoliative toxins
-What do these all have in common |
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Definition
| These 3 are common superantigen toxins from bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Mousy odor
Mental retardation
Eczematous rash |
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Term
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Definition
Waxing and waning progressive weakness of voluntary muscles, especially ones innervated by brainstem motor nuclei
Progressive weakness during activity
Rapid restoration of strength of affected muscles after rest |
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Term
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Definition
| Cervical smear cytology shows a squamous cell w/ dense irrigular staining cytoplasm w/ perinuclar clearing / Halo. Enlarged nucleus with undulating nuclear membrane and perinuclear vacuoles. Condensed chromatin |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffuse skin thickening, cutaneous hypopigmentation in plaques, usually w/ hair loss at the lesion, paresis and regional anesthesia of motor and sensory nerves, testicular destruction and blindness |
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Term
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Definition
| the infection is self limited to mild skin plaques that have hypopigmentation, follicle loss, and focally decreased sensation. The limitedness is due to an in-tact cell-mediated immune system. |
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Term
| respiratory alkalosis - it directly stimulates the medullary respiratory center to cause hyperventilation, next it causes metabolic pH distrubances |
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Definition
| the first pH disturbance caused by salicylate toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| low hemoglobin, thrombocytopenia, absent hematopoietic cells in the marrow, and high erythropoietin levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Holosystolic murmur heard over apex of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| sound from wooshing/turbulance of blood in the ventricle, ventricle is likely dilated |
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Term
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Definition
| sound from stiffened ventricle wall from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hard to pump stuff out (high afterload, aortic stenosis) or amyloid deposition - amyloidosis |
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Term
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Definition
| holosystolic murmur @ apex of heart, with S3 gallop/murmur, which is resolved by diuretics. |
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Term
| Cystic hygroma common w/ Turner's syndrome |
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Definition
Newborn female has swelling of hands and posterior neck mass. The neck mass has cystic spaces separated by connective tissue rich in lymphoid aggregates.
-What is the mass & what is it associated with? |
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Term
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Definition
| the eponym for IgA nephropathy w/ optional Henoch-Schlonlein palpable purpura |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the second most common medical cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. |
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Term
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Definition
Classic tetrad
-Excessive daytime sleepiness w/ sleep attacks (sudden brief falling asleep, less than 15 min, w/o warning)
-cataplexy (yes it is a symptom or a Dx)
-Hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations
-sleep paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Sudden loss of muscle tone without loss of consciousness, usually results in partial or complete body collapse, is present in 60% of narcoleptics. |
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Term
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Definition
| patient is not able to move for a minute or two after waking up. |
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Term
| Hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations |
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Definition
| Vivid or terrifying hallucinations which occur wile falling asleep or waking up. Can be associated w/ narcolepsy |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrecendo type diastolic murmur |
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Term
| Leutic aneurysm of the aorta cause by syphilis |
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Definition
| Positive FTA-ABS with aortic regurgitation sounds on auscultation |
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Term
Coxsakie A., Rickett's (rocky mtn spt fever), Syphilis (T. palladium)
C.A.R.S. |
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Definition
| Infections which cause lesions on palms and soles |
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Term
| Rocky Mountian spotted fever (Rickettsia ricketsiaii) |
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Definition
| Triad of Headache, Fever, and Rash (palms & soles) (vasculitic rash) |
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Term
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Definition
| Blotchy red muscle fibers on Gomori trichrome stain with irregular shape and size on cross section |
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Term
| Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF) |
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Definition
| myoclonic epilepsy, short lived episodes triggered by startle. Proximal muscle weakness, biopsy of muscle shows blotchy red appearing fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
classic 3 clinical findings of
eczema, recurrent infections, thrombocytopenia
-X chromosome mutation |
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Term
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Definition
Nephron prox. tubule defect causing decreased cystine reabsorption - causes frequent radio-opaque renal stones starting at a young age.
Hexagonal crystals on urinalysis is diagnostic.
Also the "sodium cyanide-nitroprusside test" turns urine purple in this disorder by reacting w/ the cysteine. |
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