Term
| Divisions of the digestive system |
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Definition
Alimentary Tube
Accessory Organs |
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Term
| Alimentary tube consists of |
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Definition
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
sm. Intestine
lg. intestine |
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Term
| Most absorption of nutrients occurs in |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbohydrates digested to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mechanical, example: chewing
Chemical
digestive enzymes (specific to type of food)
chemical molecules are broken into simpler chemicals the body can use |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
hard & soft palates
cheeks
floor of mouth |
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Term
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Definition
teeth
tongue
salivary glands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Types of teeth per age-group |
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Definition
| deciduous & permanent teeth |
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Term
| Tongue is a ________ muscle innervated by __________ |
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Definition
| skeletal muscle - hypoglossal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
parotid
submandibular
sublingual |
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Term
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Definition
mostly H2O
salivary amylase – breaks starches to shorter chains of glucose molecules or to maltose
made from blood plasma |
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Term
| Oropharynx & laryngopharynx do what |
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Definition
| connect oral cavity to esophagus |
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Term
| Esophagus takes food from |
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Definition
pharynx to stomach
relaxes to permit entry into stomach
contracts to prevent backup in stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| propels food in one direction |
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Term
| Structural layers of alimentary tube |
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Definition
mucosa (lining)
submucosa
external muscle layer
serosa |
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Term
| Mucosa (lining) consists of |
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Definition
simple columnar epithelial tissue
areolar connective tissue
2 layers of smooth muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelium secretes mucus & digestive enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
areolar connective tissue
many blood & lymphatic vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| enteric nervous system (“brain of the gut”) |
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Term
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Definition
Meissner’s plexus (submucosal plexus)
parasympathetic impulses vs. sympathetic impulses
sensory neurons in smooth muscle |
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Term
| External Muscle Layer consists of |
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Definition
2 layers of smooth muscle:
inner (circular)
outer (longitudinal) |
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Term
| External Muscle Layer functions |
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Definition
peristalsis
Auerbach’s plexus (mesenteric plexus) of enteric nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
outermost layer
fibrous connective tissue
mesentery
peritoneum |
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Term
a) Which structure is NOT part of the alimentary tube?
esophagus
gallbladder
large intestine
pharynx
stomach |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which structure is NOT an accessory structure of digestion?
appendix
liver
pancreas
salivary gland
teeth |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which type of digestion breaks carbohydrates down into simple sugars?
chemical
mechanical |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which layer of the alimentary tube allows for peristalsis?
mucosa
muscle
serosa
submucosa |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which layer of the alimentary tube is made of simple columnar epithelium?
mucosa
muscle
serosa
submucosa |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which layer of the alimentary tube is made of fibrous connective tissue?
mucosa
muscle
serosa
submucosa |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
LUQ of abdominal cavity
left of liver
in front of spleen
sac extending from esophagus to sm. intestine |
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Term
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Definition
reservoir for food
both mechanical & chemical digestion
chyme production |
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Term
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Definition
| thick liquid from food after mechanical digestion |
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Term
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Definition
• external muscle layer
cardiac orifice
fundus
body
pylorus
pyloric sphincter
rugae
gastric pits |
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Term
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Definition
mucous cells
chief cells
parietal cells
enteroendocrine cells (G cells) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Enteroendocrine cells (G cells) make |
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Definition
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Term
| Small intestine is the site of |
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Definition
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Term
| Small intestines consist of |
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Definition
mucosa
enteroendocrine cells
lymph nodes (Peyer’s patches)
muscle layers
stimulatory impulses
digestive secretions |
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Term
| 3 small intestine segments: |
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Definition
• duodenum (Common bile duct)
jejunum
ileum |
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Term
| Digestive secretions produced in |
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Definition
liver
pancreas
sm. intestine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
bile canaliculi (bile ducts)
hepatic duct
common bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Liver lobules (structural units) |
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Definition
Hexagonal columns of hepatocytes
Branches of hepatic artery & portal vein between lobules |
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Term
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Definition
carbohydrate metabolism
amino acid metabolism
lipid metabolism
plasma protein synthesis
bilirubin formation
phagocytosis by Kupffer cells
storage
detoxification |
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Term
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Definition
stores bile
concentrates bile by absorbing H2O |
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Term
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Definition
| hepatic duct of liver thru cystic duct |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone secreted by duodenal mucosa for fatty foods |
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Term
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Definition
stimulates contraction of gall bladder
forces bile into cystic duct
then to common bile duct
then into duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes pancreatic juice |
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Term
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Definition
• enzyme amylase
lipase
trypsinogen (changes to active trypsin in duodenum)
produces bicarbonate juice |
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Term
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Definition
alkaline
Contains sodium bicarb to neutralize gastric juice acid |
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Term
| Digestion & absorption in small intestine |
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Definition
• secretion of intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn)
enteroendocrine cells of intestinal glands |
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Term
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Definition
• peptidases
sucrase
maltase
lactase |
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Term
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Definition
| complete protein digestion, breaking down short polypeptide chains to amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| digests disaccharide sucrose to monosaccharide |
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Term
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Definition
| digests disaccharide maltose to monosaccharide |
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Term
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Definition
| digests disaccharide lactose to monosaccharide |
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Term
| Absorption made possible by large area with |
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Definition
plica circulares (circular folds)
villi
microvilli |
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Term
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Definition
| from lumen of intestine into vessels within each villi |
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Term
| Does large intestine do digestion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mucus to lubricate passage of feces |
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Term
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Definition
• cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal |
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Term
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Definition
• internal anal sphincter
external anal sphincter |
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Term
a) Which part of small intestine does common bile duct drain into?
duodenum
ilium
jejunum
pylorus |
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Definition
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Term
Which type of cells produce hydrochloric acid?
chief cells
enteroendocrine cells
mucous cells
parietal cells |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which structure produces bile?
enteroendocrine cell
gallbladder
liver
pancreas
Peyer’s patch |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which structure stores and concentrates bile?
enteroendocrine cell
gallbladder
liver
pancreas
Peyer’s patch |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which structure is made of lymphatic tissue?
enteroendocrine cell
gallbladder
liver
pancreas
Peyer’s patch |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which structure is the smallest that performs absorption?
colonic mucosal cell
hepatocyte
microvilli
plica circulares
villi |
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Definition
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Term
a) Which part does NOT produce digestive juices or enzymes?
gallbladder
liver
pancreas
small intestine
stomach |
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Definition
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