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Digestion
N/A
44
Biology
9th Grade
01/10/2012

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is mechanical digestion? Identify examples.
Definition
  • Mechanical digestion is the tearing, chewing and grinding of food into small enough pieces to swallow.
  • It happens in the mouth, and is done by the teeth, with the incisors doing the tearing of the food and the molars doing the grinding of the food.
Term
What is chemical digestion? Identify examples.
Definition
  • Chemical digestion is when the food is mixed with chemicals to break it down.
  • In the mouth, it is mixed with a digestive enzyme called amylase. In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and pepsin are added to the food to make a thick liquid called chyme.
Term
What are incisors?
Definition
Incisors are the sharp, front most teeth that are used to tear and rip into food.
Term
What are molars?
Definition
Molars are the flat, back most teeth that are used to grind into food.
Term
Identify the role bile plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition
Used to break down fats. Small intestine.
Term
Identify the role salivary amylase plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition
Used to digest carbs. Mouth.
Term
Identify the role pancreatic amylase plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition
Used to digest carbs. Small intestine.
Term
Identify the role hydrochloric acid plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition
Used to unfold large proteins into polypeptide strands. Stomach.
Term
Identify the role salivary lipase plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition
Used to break down fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol. Mouth.
Term
Identify the role pancreatic lipase plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition
Used to break down fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol. Stomach.
Term
Identify the role pepsin plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition
Used to break down proteins into amino acids. Stomach.
Term
Identify the role trypsin plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition

Used to break down proteins into amino acids. Small intestine.

Term
Identify the role chemotrypsin plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition

 

Used to break down proteins into amino acids. Small intestine.

Term
Identify the role protease plays in digestion and where it is used.
Definition
Used to break down proteins into amino acids. Small intestine.
Term

 

Define accessory organ. Identify four accessory organs in the digestive system.

 

Definition
Accessory organs aid in digestion by producing and/or storing digestive chemicals. They are the liver, the pancreas, the gall bladder and the salivary glands.
Term
Identify the meaning of the following suffixes: “-ase”, “-tion” and “-itis”.
Definition

 

·         “-ase”: Amino acid.

 

·         “-tion”: Act or state of.

 

·         “-itis”: Inflammation or disease.

 

Term

 

Identify where digestion of each fuel nutrient begins: carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

 

Definition
Term

What is absorption?

 

Definition
Absorption is the last step of digestion. It occurs when nutrients pass through the wall of the small intestine and enter the circulatory system.
Term
What is reabsorption?
Definition
.Reabsorption is the process where water is removed from the wastes and returned to the body, upon entering the large intestine.
Term
Describe the shape of the inner wall of the small intestine. Explain how its form is related to its function.
Definition

Villi are finger-like structures that make up the inner wall of the small intestine. They maximize space for absorption.

Term
List each organ food travels through, in order.
Definition

Mouth ---> Esophagus ---> Stomach ---> Small Intestine ---> Large Intestine ---> Rectum ---> Anus.

Term
Name the three sphincters in the human body and the location of each.
Definition
  • Cardiac, between esophagus and stomach.
  • Pyloric, between stomach and small intestine.
  • Anus, between anus and exterior of the body.

 

Term

State the function of bile. Identify the organs in which it is made, stored and used.

 

Definition

Bile is used to break down fats. It is made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and used in the small intestine.

Term
Describe how heartburn occurs and how TUMS/Alka Selzter provides relief.
Definition

Heartburn occurs when stomach acid splashes into the esophagus. It is also known as acid reflux. Because HCL has a low acidity level, TUMS and Alka Selzter must have either a high or neutral acidity level. It neutralizes acid on contact.

 

Term
Name the three parts of the small intestine, in order.
Definition

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

Term
State three reasons why your large intestine is a good place for bacteria to grow and reproduce.
Definition
The large intestine is a good environment for bacteria to grow and reproduce because it’s warm and moist, it gives bacteria leftovers to feed on and it allows bacteria to metabolize on the spot.
Term
What is the anus?
Definition
An opening where wastes are removed from the rectum.
Term
What is appendictis?
Definition
Swollen appendix.
Term
What is bolus?
Definition

A slimy ball of chewed food.

Term
What is chyme?
Definition
Soupy, semi-solid mixture of food, digestive enzymes and HCL.
Term
What are diabetes?
Definition

A life-long disease where you have high blood sugar and your body is unable to produce insulin.

Term
What is a duct?
Definition
Transports chemicals from one organ to another.
Term
What is emulsification?
Definition
Breakdown of fat gobules into fat droplets (mechanical) so it can pass through the small intestine.
Term
What is an esophagus?
Definition
A tubular passageway to the stomach.
Term

What are feces?

Definition

Poop/solid waste.

Term

What is flatulence?

 

Definition
Passing gas. Bacteria is responsible for the smell.
Term

What is heartburn?

 

Definition
Occurs when stomach acid splashes into the esophagus.
Term

What is insulin?

Definition
Hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates fat and carbohydrate metabolism in the body. A protein.
Term

What is peristalsis?

 

Definition
The contractions your muscles make in the digestive tract to allow food to pass through the digestive system.
Term

What is a sphincter?

Definition
Circular muscles that open and close to move food through the digestive system.
Term
What is an ulcer?
Definition
An open sore caused by stomach acid.
Term

What are villi?

 

Definition

Walls of the small intestine.

Term

How long is the small intestine?

 

Definition

25 feet.

 

Term
How long is the large intestine?
Definition
9-10 feet.
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