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| large pieces are broken into smaller ones without altering the chemical composition |
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| food is broken into simpler chemicals |
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Definition
| the passage of food along the GI tract |
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| process by which food substances are changed into forms that can be absorbed through cell membranes |
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| the passage of digested food from GI tract into bloodstream (and lymph) for distribution to cells |
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| the elimination of undigested material from GI tract |
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Term
| Alimentary Canal (GI tract) |
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Definition
| extends from mouth to anus, Starting place for digestion of sugars, organs include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine |
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| release secretionsinto the slimentary canal that help digest food, organs include the salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and exocrine functions of the pancreas |
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| Innermost membrane of GI tract that surrounds lumen, secretes hormones that regulate the digestive system, contains many glands that secrete digestive enzymes and mucas for lubrication and protection, epithelium extends into lumen+villus that provides increased absorptive surface for nutrients |
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| layer of GI tract membrane that lies beneath mucosa, functions for nourishment of mucosa and carrying absorbed nutrients away, composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves |
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| layer of GI tract membrane that lies beneath submucosa and consists of 2 layers of muscle, circular muscle layer around submucosa, longitudinal layer around circular layer, functions to move food through canal (mixing and peristalsis) |
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Definition
| outermost layer of GI tract membrane, formed by epithelium and connective tissue, functions as protection of underlying tissues, secretion of serous fluid which moistens and lubricateds the tube's outer surface ( so that organs slide freely against one another) |
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Definition
| movement of alimentary canal--circular muscle layer contracts rhythmically, the waves mix food and digestive juices secreted by mucosa |
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Definition
| movement of alimentary canal--accomplished by movement of longitudinal muscle layer, as wave moves along it pushes the contents ahead |
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Definition
| play important role in movements throughout GI tract, strong circular muscle which prevents regurgitation of food--locations: esophagus and stomach (lower esophaegal sphincter), stomach and small intestine (pyloric sphincter), large intestine to outside (internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter) |
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| Innervation of Tube by Autonomic Nervous System |
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Definition
| maintain muscle tone, regulate strength and rate of muscular contractions, organized into network or plexus of neurons, |
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Definition
| generally increase the activities of the digestive system |
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Definition
| inhibit certain digestive functions (e.g. mixing) |
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