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Definition
| the chemical breakup of complex food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed |
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the process of bringing small molecules inside the body
the passage of digested food from GI tract into bloodstream for distribution to cells |
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Definition
-Enhances the efficiency of water and electrolyte absorption
-stores colonic content
-promotes excretion of fecal material remaining in the colon regularly and voluntarily |
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Definition
-long muscular tube that connects mouth and stomach
-consists of longitudinal and circular muscles that relax and contract to move bolus of food down the tube |
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Definition
| the organ that functions in digestion and food storage |
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| the organ that runs between the stomach and large intestine - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
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Definition
| the gland that secretes digestive enyzmes along with chemical buffers into the small intestine that help raise the pH of the chyme from the stomach |
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Definition
| the organ that stores and concentrates a digestive material called bile after secretion by the liver and before it is released into the intestine |
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Definition
-functions in the secretion of bile and many metabolic processes
-nutrients and other food compounds go here after absorption |
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Definition
the outer layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract. when the longitudinal muscle contracts the tube shortens. |
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Definition
| muscle layer that encircles the body between the epidermis and the longitudinal muscle layer |
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Definition
a circular muscle that maintains constriction to c0ntrol the movement of food from organ to organ
(between the esophagus and stomach, stomach and small intestine, small intestine to large intestine, rectum to outside the body) |
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Term
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Definition
The involuntary constriction and relaxation
of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward
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Definition
-digests protein
-made in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine
-functions in the stomach and small intestine |
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Definition
-digests carbohydrates
-made in the mouth, pacreas, and small intestine
-functions in the mouth and small intestine |
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Definition
-digests lipids
-made in the pancreas and small intestine
-functions in the small intestine |
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Definition
-made in the stomach
-functions in the stomach |
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Definition
-made in the pancreas
-functions in the small intestine |
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Definition
-made in the liver
-stored and released in the gallbladder
-functions in the small intestine |
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Definition
thinking/seeing/smelling food begins the digestive process because it starts salivation paristalsis in preparation for food
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Definition
-machanical breakup of food via teeth and tongue
-secretion of saliva to lubricate food and begins digestion of carbs (amylase)
-stimulates secretion of gastric juices |
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Term
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Definition
| a structural change in macromolecules caused by extreme conditions |
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| Release of Stomach Contents |
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Definition
-one teaspoon at a time
-delay due to fat, protein and soluable fiber
-Order of release: 1. Carbs 2. Protein, Fat
-liquid leaves more quickly
-slow eating leads to less eating because it takes about 20 mins for the brain to feel full |
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Definition
-A suspension of small globules of one liquid in a second liquid with which the first does not mix
-important in fat digestion |
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| Role of Cirulatory System |
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Definition
| Water soluable molecules enter the circulatory system via the capillaries in the villi |
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Definition
| fat soluable molecules enter the lymphatic system via the lacteals in the villi |
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Definition
| for protein, carbohydrates, and fat the efficiency of digestion and absorption is always greater that 90% regardless of consumption |
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Definition
| the small intestine can slightly control the amount of absorption of some vitamins and minerals: vitamin C, efficiency of absorption is 80-90% when the intake is between 30 and 120 mg, but only 20% by the time it exceeds 6,000mg |
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Definition
-prevent pathogenic bacteria from growing
-help to maintain a healthy colon by producing by-products tha tcan be used for energy
-produce some vitamin K that can be absorbed from the colon
-produce gas |
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Term
| Excretion of Waste from GI Tract |
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Definition
-in sufficient bulk to stimulate peristalsis
-sufficient water for lubrication and softening |
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Term
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Definition
-breaks food down into smaller components (digestions)
-brings food components into the body (absorption)
-protects body from (some) unwanted compounds |
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Definition
-already absorbed compounds flow here via the bloodstream
-filter the blood
-control certain nutrient levels
-urine |
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