Term
| if a person's blood glucose level (fasting) is greater than ___ they are diagnosed with diabetes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| group of conditions characterized by relative or complete lack of insulin secretion by beta cells of pancreas or defects of cell insulin receptors |
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Term
| DM is usually characterized by |
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Definition
| elevated fasting blood glucose and hyperglycemia |
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Term
| macrovascular complications of DM |
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Definition
coronary artery disease
peripheral vascular disease
cerebrovascular accidents |
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Term
| microvascularr complications of DM - nephropathy |
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Definition
| 1/2 of the people with type 1 DM develop chronic renal failure and chronic kidney disease |
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Term
| microvascular complications of DM - neuropathy |
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Definition
| decreased sensations of extremities, injury may occur without the patient's awareness, impaired healing may lead to gangrene and amputations |
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Term
| retinopathy complications of DM |
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Definition
| leading cause of blindness in north america |
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Term
| long term complications of DM include |
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Definition
| retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
| orthostatic hypotension, persistent tachycardia, gastroparesis, neurogenic bladder, impotence, impaired visceral pain sensation |
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Term
glucose intolerance in DM patients:
T1DM: __ to __% of all cases
T@DM: __% of all cases |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
latent autoimmune diabetes of adults
gestational diabetes mellitus
impaired glucose tolerance |
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Term
| symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| sudden onset, excess hunger, hyperglycemia, polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia |
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Term
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Definition
| no insulin produced, prone to ketoacidosis, no evidence of autoimmunity |
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Term
| exogenous insulin required to maintain normal blood glucose levels in type __ diabetes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rapid or short acting, intermediate acting, long acting |
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Term
| types of insulin administration |
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Definition
fixed: conventional/standard therapy, flexible: intensive insulin therapy,
continuous subcutaneous insuline infusion |
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Term
| administration of insulin and __ must be __ to avoid hypoglycemia |
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Definition
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Term
| doses of insulin are adjusted to treat: |
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Definition
| hyperglycemia, inconsistent carbs intake, modification in usual physical activity |
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Term
| how does exercise affect DM |
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Definition
| lowers blood glucose levels, assists in maintaining normal lipid levels, increases circulation |
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Term
| patients with T1DM: exercise when blood glucose levels between ___ or about ___ minutes after meals |
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Definition
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Term
| patients with T1DM: avoid exercising when blood glucose is ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| patients with T2DM who take oral hypoglycemic agents may be at risk of postexercise ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| symtoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| heart attack, stroke, neuropathic problems |
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Term
| main problem patients with T2DM have |
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Definition
| insulin resistance, failure of cells to respond to insulin produced by body and the pancreas loses ability to produce insulin |
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Term
| 2 strongest risk factos to getting DM |
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Definition
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Term
| blood glucose levels can be monitored several ways |
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Definition
| glycosylated hemoglobin and self-monitoring |
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Term
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Definition
| below normal values of blood glucose levels |
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Term
| hypoglycemia can result from |
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Definition
| too much insulin, skipping meals, and too much exercise without concomitant increase in food intake |
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Term
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Definition
| blood glucose drops below 50mg/dl |
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Term
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Definition
| life-threatening condition caused by insulin deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal accumulation of ketones |
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Term
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Definition
| causes osmotic duiresis, leads to dehydration, precipitates lactic acidosis, stimulates respiratory center |
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Term
| fruity or acetone odor on breath |
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Definition
| large amounts of ketone bodies present |
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Term
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Definition
| insufficient or interrupted insulin therapy, too much food, infection, trauma, surgery, emotional stress, myocardial infarction |
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Term
| hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) |
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Definition
| insulin deficiency results in severe hyperglycemia |
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Term
| nonnutritive sweeteners approved for use by individuals with diabetes |
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Definition
| saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame k |
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Term
| illness increases ___ requirements in people with DM |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
delayed gastric emptying
-heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, early satiety, weight loss |
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Term
| gastroparesis affects __ to __% of individuals with diabetes |
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Definition
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Term
| dietary treatment of gastroparesis |
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Definition
| carb replaced with soft or liquid consistency foods, six small meals, |
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Term
| newborns may have many problems including: |
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Definition
| respiratory difficulties, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, jaundice |
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Term
| GDM develops in about __ to __% of all pregnancies |
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Definition
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Term
| GDM more frequent among ___ |
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Definition
| native americans, african americans, hispanic/latino american women, obese women |
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Term
| __ to __% of women who had GDM usually develop T2DM |
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Definition
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Term
| type 2 DM increased __ fold over the past 20 years especially in ___ populations |
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Definition
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Term
about 30% of children with T2DM have a BMI of ___
17% have BMIs __ |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical signs of risk for T2DM |
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Definition
| acanthosis nigicans (chronic hyperinsulinemia), polycystic ovarian syndrome |
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Term
__ are more susceptible to T2DM
ration is |
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Definition
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