Term
| infective causes of diarrhoea |
|
Definition
travellers diarrhoea
c difficile
campylobacter jejuni |
|
|
Term
| infections that can present with bloody diarrhoea |
|
Definition
CMV, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella
ecoli 0157, shigella |
|
|
Term
| drugs associated with diarrhoea |
|
Definition
metformin
Abx, high dose vitamin C
digoxin
allopurinol
colchicine
magnesium contaiing antacids |
|
|
Term
| can constipation cause diarrhoea? |
|
Definition
| yes it can. it causes overflow diarrhoea |
|
|
Term
| other causes of acute diarrhoea |
|
Definition
anxiety
IBD
IBS
food allergy
acute appendicitis
radiation enteritis
intestinal ischemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passage of loose stools > 3 x a day and/or volume >200g day |
|
|
Term
| acute and chronic diarrhoea |
|
Definition
| acute < 2 weeks chronic > 2 weeks |
|
|
Term
| red flag symptoms in diarrhoea |
|
Definition
blood in stool
recent hospitalisation or Abx rx
persistent vomiting
weight loss
painless watery high volume diarrhoea: increased risk of dehydration
nocturnal symptoms disturbing sleep: this means an organic cause is more likely. |
|
|
Term
| signs of mild dehydration in diarrhoea |
|
Definition
| anorexia, nausea, light headedness, postural hypotension, usually no signs |
|
|
Term
| signs of moderate dehydration |
|
Definition
| muscle cramps, dry tongue, sunken eyes, reduced skin turgor, oliguria, tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| signs of severe dehydration |
|
Definition
| profound apathy, weakness, confusion leading to coma, shock, tachycardia, marked peripheral vasoconstriction, systolic BP <90mmHg, oliguria, anuria. |
|
|
Term
| pathogens routinely looked for in a s tool specimen |
|
Definition
campylobacter
cryptosporidium
e coli 0157
salmonella
shigella |
|
|
Term
| what antibiotic is useful for prevention of travellers diarrhoea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in diarrhoea when would you admit to hospital? |
|
Definition
if the pt has vomiting with inability to retain fluids.
if they have features of severe dehydration and shock |
|
|
Term
| gram positive anaerobic spore forming rod that causes diarrhoea pseudomembranous colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| c difficile secretes two types of toxins A and B. which is more toxic? |
|
Definition
| B is 1000 x more potent than A. |
|
|
Term
| what sort of drugs are associated with c diff? |
|
Definition
Abx e.g cephalosporins, clindamycin
PPI
anti neoplastic drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
metronidazole 1st line
2nd line is vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| which method of imaging should you NOT do in suspected c diff infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ABC
fluids
stop offending Abx
rx with metronidazole or vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| handwashing in c diff infections should not be done with alcohol gel why? |
|
Definition
| the gel does not kill spores. |
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