Term
|
Definition
- 5000 - 10000μl
- leukocytosis - elevated
- infection
- leukemia
- tissue necrosis
- leukopenia - decrease
- bone marrow depression
- ingestion of heavy metals
- influenza, typhoid fever, measles, infectious hep, monoucleosis, rubella
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Male 4.5 - 5.5 million μl
- Female 4 - 5 million μl
- ↑RBC - polycythemia
- ↓RBC -
- anemia
- fluid overload
- hemorrhage x24hrs
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Adult males 14-17.4
- Adult femal 12-16
- see handout for other values
- ↑Hb -
- hemoconcentration
- dehydration
- ↓Hb -
- anemia
- recent hemorrhage
- fluid retention
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Adult males 42%-52%
- Adult femal 36%-48%
- see handout for other values
- ↑HCT -
- polycythemia
- hemoconcentration - blood loss
- dehydration
- ↓HCT -
- anemia
- hemodilution
- massive blood loss
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 140,000 - 400,000μl
- thrombocytosis - increased platelet count
- thrombocytopenia - decrea platelet count
- ↑ increased
- hemorrhage
- infectious disorders
- cancers
- iron deficiency anemia
- ↓decreased
- aplastic/hypoplastic bone marrow
- leukemia
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Normal Range 10-14 seconds
- Therapy is between 1 and 2.5x the normal value
- PT used for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy
- prolonged PT time may indicate
- hepatic disease
- deficiences in fibrinogen, prothrombin, Vit k,
- oral anticoagulant therapy
|
|
|
Term
| International Normalized Ratio |
|
Definition
- Normal range 0.8-1.1
- Full anticoagulant therapy is 1.5-2x normal
- INR - monitors oral anticoagulant therapy
- ↑ may indicate:
- DIC-disseminated intravascular coagulation
- cirrhosis
- hepatitis
- vit k deficiency
- salicylate intoxication
- massive blood transfusion
|
|
|
Term
| Activated partial thromboplastin time |
|
Definition
- Normal 21-35
- APTT - evaluates all the clotting factors, heparin therapy
- ↑ may indicate:
- presence of heparin
- deficiency of certain plasma clotting factors
|
|
|
Term
| Arterial Blood Gas analysis |
|
Definition
- pH 7.35 - 7.45
- Paco2 35 - 45
- Pao2 80 - 100
- HCO3 22 - 26
- Sao2 94 - 100%
- 02CT 15 - 23%
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 22 - 26 mEq/L
- ↑ may indicate:
- metabolic alkalosis
- hypoventilation
- excessive loss of acids
- ↓ may indicate:
- metabolic acidosis
- loss of HCO3
- hyperventilation
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Na 135 - 145 mEq/L
- ↑ - hypernatremia
- inadequate water intake
- diabetes insipidus
- impaired renal function
- ↓ - hyponatremia
- inadequate Na intake
- excessive Na loss
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- K 3.5 - 5 mEq/L
- ↑ Hyperkalemia:
- renal issues
- acidosis
- insulin deficiency
- DKA
- ↓ Hypokalemia:
- DKA/Insulin admin w/o potassium supplement
- GI/Renal disorders
- diuretics
- symptoms
- alter cardiac rhythms
- nerve impulses
- muscle contractions
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Mg 1.3 - 2.3 mg/dl
- ↑ hypermagnesemia:
- renal failure
- adrenal insufficiency (addison's disease)
- ↓ hypomagnesemia:
- chronic alcoholism
- malabsorption syndrome
- GI absorption issues
- hypercalcemic conditions
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- P 2.5 - 4.5 mg/dl
- ↑ hyperphosphatemia:
- skeletal disease
- diabetic acidosis
- high intestional obstruction
- renal failure
- ↓ hypophosphatemia:
- malnutrition
- treatment of diabetic acidosis
- hyperparathyroidism
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Ca 8.6 - 10.2 mg/dl
- ↑ hypercalcemia:
- hyperparathyroidism
- pagets disease
- prolonged immobilization
- adrenal insufficiency
- renal disease
- overuse of antacids
- ↓ hypocalcemia:
- hypoparathyroidism
- malabsorption
- cushings syndrome
- renal failure
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Cl 97 - 107
- ↑ hyperchloremia:
- HCO3 loss
- diarrhea
- severe dehydration
- renal shutdown
- head injury(hyperventilation)
- primary aldosteronism
- ↓ hypochloremia:
- low Na/K levels
- chronic renal failure
- prolonged vomiting
- addisons disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- BUN 8 - 20 mg/dl
- ↑ may indicate:
- renal disease
- dehydration
- urinary tract obstruction
- increased protein catabolism
- ↓ may indicate:
- severe hepatic damage
- malnutrition
- overhydration
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- males 0.8 - 1.2 mg/dl
- femal 0.6 - 0.9 mg/dl
- levels normally remain constant
- ↑ may indicate:
- diminished renal function
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- males 3.4 - 7 mg/dl
- femal 2.3 - 6 mg/dl
- used to detect gout
- ↑ may indicate:
- gout
- impaired renal function
- heart failure
- infections
- ↓ may indicate:
- defective tubular absoption
- acute hepatic atrophy
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- adult 3.4 - 5.4 g/dl
- ↑ hyperalbuminemia:
- dehydration
- severe vomiting/diarrhea
- ↓ hypoalbuminemia:
- cirrhosis
- acute liver failure
- severe burns
- severe malnutrition
- ulcerative colitis
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- male 55 - 170 units/L
- fema 30 - 135 units/L
- ↑ may indicate:
- hypokalemia
- CO poisoning
- recent seizure
- pulmonary/cerebral infarctions
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- <0.35 mcg/L
- ↑ may indicate:
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 70 - 110 mg
- >126 mg indicator for diabetes
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 6.4 - 8.3 g/dl
- measures five distinct proteins
- ↑ may indicate:
- Chronic inflammatory disease
- dehydration
- diabetic acidosis
- diarrhea/vomiting
- ↓ may indicate:
- gi disease
- heart failure
- hemorrhage
- uncontrolled DM
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- adults <205 mg/dl
- ↑ hypercholesterolemia
- CAD
- hepatitis
- lipid disorders
- hypothryroidsim
- ↓ hypocholesterolemia:
- malnutrition
- cellular necrosis of the liver
- hyperthyroidism
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 0-0.9 mg/dl
- >2.5 mg/dl indicate jaundice
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
