Term
Grading
-how is it rated?
-explanation |
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Definition
I-IV
based on degree of differentiation and the number of mitoses
"what you can see with a microscope"
essentially defines a tumor's aggressiveness
not as important in terms of prognosis as staging |
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Term
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Definition
Size, Spread
T (primary tumor) 1-4 based on size of primary lesion, 0=in situ
N (lymph node involvement) 0-3 based on number and range of nodes
M (metastases) 0-2 based on presence and number of metastases |
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Term
| Name 3 histology/cytology methods you could use to diagnose cancer |
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Definition
Excision/biopsy - most common first response
Fine needle aspiration - readily-palpable lesions
Cytologic (pap) smears - detects anaplasia |
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Term
| How is immuno-histochemistry helpful in diagnosis? |
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Definition
Categorization via presence of tissue-specific antigens
Determination of origin of undifferentiated tumors |
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Term
What does molecular diagnosis refer to?
how is it useful? |
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Definition
Diagnosis of DNA alteration via PCR, western blot, FISH
useful for detecting translocations, mutations, oncogenes, and hereditary predisposition |
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Term
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Definition
| quantitative measurement of DNA content, aneuploidy |
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Term
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Definition
| trophoblastic, non-seminoma testicular cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| medullary carcinoma of thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| liver, non-seminoma testicular cancer (yolk sac tumors) |
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Term
| *carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)* |
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Definition
*colon, pancreas*, lung, stomach, heart
nonspecific |
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Term
| prostatic acid phosphatase |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small cell of lung cancer, neuroblastoma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| prostate-specific antigen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| marker for ovarian cancer and malignant epithelial tumors |
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