ABC of deviance

A- attitude

B- behavior (action)
C- condition (handicapped, obesity, ugly)

Deviance

1. Violation of social norms
2. Negative responses from audience

Positivists

1. Absolutism: possess definite qualities that distinguish someone from a deviant and a non-deviant

2. Objectivism: Objectively real

3. Determinism:  Why do they do it?

4.  Empiricism - Objective characteristics can be measured by the senses

1. Relativism: Deviant because someone thinks or calls it deviant. Don't study acts of deviance --> study why act is defined as deviant

2. Subjectivism: Deviance is a subjective experience. 

--false accusations

Merton's Anomie Strain Theory

-Positivist (objectivist) approach

-Our society stresses success, lots of goals

-Not everyone has a legitimate means to reach success, so turn to deviant acts to achieve success

Goals---------Means to goals

Conformity    +     +

-accept goals and means to achieve the goals 

Innovations   + -

-accept goals but use illegal means to achieve goals (lower class--> crime)

Ritualism      -    +

-lower aspirations, abandon success (lower middle class)

Retreatism   - -

-withdrawal from society, don't care about success or work (alcoholics, addicts)

Rebellion   +/- +/-

-Reject system/ overthrow system and replace with new goals

ALL DEVIANTS ACCEPT FOR CONFORMISTS

Control Theory

Positivist Theory

-Hirschi

-Regulate people, get them to refrain from deviant behavior

-External Social Control: Outside restraint (punishment or reward)

-Internal Social Control: Inner conscience suggesting right/wrong

-Informal Social Control: Interactions with primary social groups (people you're close to)

-Formal Social Control: Different organizations (law, school, etc)

-Created by Shaun Mckay

-In transitional areas, urban areas, outside of commercial areas is where most violent crimes occur

-In these areas the people are not integrated, proves to cause more crime

-Mapped out by concentric zones 

-First person to use term Anomie to explain how deviance came about

-Anomie = normlessness

-Crime/deviance helps create a standard of conduct.  People that break rules helps unify social order

-Positivist

-Blau Blau

-Not everybody views success in the same way (material success or other forms)

-Material objects that show success is relative

-Deviance is not absolute, there is relativity

-Nothing to do with mental disorder/ illness

-Not the minority

-Not defined by harm

-Positivist Theory

1.  Motivation 

2. Suitable target

3. Absense of a capable guardian

4.  Environment that supports the crime

-Free will theory, but the environment supports the crime

Differential Association Theory

Sutherland

-Positivist Theory

-Bad company theory

-Behavior learned in direct face-to-face contact

-Positivist Theory

-Hirschi

-Origin of the crime is low self control because of poor guidance

-Update of Control Theory

Functionalism

-Constructionist Theory

-Emphasis on positive actions of deviance

-Beneficial to society

-Deviance has a function

-Everyone can see what happens to wrongdoers

-Becker, Lemert

-Constructionist

-An assessment made by social audience 

-Social audience defines deviance

-Labeling can result in self fulfilling prophecy (Label someone, they start playing the part)

-Reflexivity - the assessment of self is measured by others reaction to you

-Primary Deviance - anything that someone witnesses that can be taken as deviance

-Secondary deviance - any further acts the person does, after being caught that is deviant

-Constructionist Theory

-Social institutions benefit one group at the expense of others. benefits rich and powerful at expense of poor and powerless

-Marxist: Burgeoise vs. proletariat

1. Studied less, marginalized

2.  Male biased deviant studies - androcentrism -

3.  Women's as victims of crimes has been hidden a lot

Women have been historically known for

1. Prostitution

2. Shoplifting 

3. Mental illness

-Constructionist Theory

1. Social control is a not taken for granted and does not emerge naturally, it is consciously fashioned by organizations, groups and classes

2.  Social control is not benign it is coercive it is repressive

3.  Comes from state and state like control 

4.  Subsystems fit together into interrelated parts

Transcarceration - institutions of incarceration and control reach across institutional boundaries (all governmental control organizations work together)

-APA got angry that Tom Cruise used his celebrity status to discredit them.

-Psychiatry is psuedoscience

-Being sane and insane - guy did study where him and his colleagues pretended they were schizophrenic  ....