Relative

Absolute

 3 Elements of Deviance

(REV)

Reaction

Expectation

Violation

Functions of Deviance

(PIDA)

Promotes social unity

Identifies a problem

Diverts Discontent

Affirms cultural norms and clarifies moral behavior

Dysfunctions of Deviance

(DVD)

Disruption of social order

Violation of trust

Diverson of resources

Sociological Theories: How they were raised

Biological Female (xx) Male (xy) (xyy)

Functionalist Theories

(RRRASCI)

Anomie- "Normness"- norms arent strong enough to control ones behavior

Durkheim- temporary condition where the old norms are weak and the new norms are coming into affect

Merton (Structural Strain)- built in feature of social structure

Conformity- you accept the goals of society and accept the means in order to attain that success

Innovation- accept the goals of society but not accepting the means to attain those goals

Ritualism- do not accept the goals of society but they go through the means to achieve it (ex. teachers show up every day to class but do not care if you learn)

Retreatism- they do not accept the goals and do not accept the means to reach those goals (Ex. kids drop out of school)

Rebellion- they do not accept the goals or means of society but make up there own goals and means of society.

Focus on power

Class

State

Crime

You become deviant because of choice

Cost/ benefit- swift, certain, severe punishment- decrease of crime

Symbolic Interaction Theories

Label Theory

Label Theory- why the acts are called deviance (Reaction)

• Labels become part of your self concept
• Primary deviance- all of us deviant at one point bt most of us do not get caught
• Secondary deviance- accept their label and other view you as deviant

Symbolic Interaction Theories

Cultural Transmission/ Differential Association

We learn deviance from other people who are important to us 

Occurs more that has competing sub cultures 

Medicalization- the process through which deviant behavior is defined as a medical problem or illness and the medical profession is mandated or licensed to provide some type of treatment

Criminalization- official definition of an act of deviance as a crime

Violent and property crime: Index crimes

• violent crimes: murder, rape robbery and assault
• Agaisnt property: theft, auto theft, burglary, arson
• Victims: young, poor, minority

Juvenile crime- 

• Statud offense- something that is a crime if you are a juvenile and not an adult
• Young people (12-18) most likely to get in trouble 
• Property crime (16-18)

White Collar Crime-

• old people commit this crime
• happens usually in a relation to business

more likely to be a victim of white collar crime then crime on the streets

Victimless crime- protecting you from yourself, the victim and the perpertrator are the same person (ex gambling, public drinking)

Justifications for Punishment

(DIRRM)

Too maintain order

America has the largest incarnation of citizens in an industrialized nation

Rehabiliation- correctional system; to change the person for the better

Deterrence- scare you from your deivant act (Ex. signs with consequences written on it)

Incapacitation- locking you up; making the streets safer 

"3rd strike" 3rd conviction of a felony means life in prison

Retribution- payback; an eye for an eye

Medicalization- you could be sick mentally-->focus on the individual and you ignore the social environment

3 Demographic Barriers

Fertility

Birth; age (15-44)

Fecundity- potential ability to reproduce

Doubling time- the number of years its takes to double in population

3 Demographic Barriers

Mortality

Death rates

Africa- life expectancy has decreased because of aids

3 Demographic Barriers

Migration

Permanent move

Push- reason why you leave

Pull- something attractive about the place you are going to

Immigration: people who are coming to another country

Emigration: people moving out of a country

Inmigration: moving within the same country

Cohort effects- collective experience of growing up

Period effects- affects of major social trends ( Ex. child of depression, children in the 70's) 

2 Major Theories of Population Growth

Malthus

Malthus- English minister; gloomy person

Wrote Essay of Principles of Population

Aruged that population growth is exponential and food supply only grow arthimatically

Positive checks: disease, war, and starvation

People cannot live without food and cannot live without sex

Did not want to help the poor

2 Major Theories of Population Growth 

Neo- Malthus

Concerned about the population growth but were for birth control 

Believed we need to curve population growth

            Birth rates                 Death Rates

Stage 1              High                           High             *Pre industrial Europe-children got sick

Stage 2              High                           Low              * Developing nations

Stage 3              Low                            Low              * Developed countries (Industrialized)

Stage 4              Low                            Low              *Germany- shrinking population

1) Living longer and having fewer kids 

Result: people living longer and the younger generation cannot take care of all the older people

2) Immigration of non English speaking citizens

Greatest immigrants: Hispanics