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Details Title: Deviance in US Society Description: Exam #2 For Prof. Watterworth's class Total Flash Cards: 24 Created: 02/26/2007 16:53:04	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term William Sheldon Definition Endomorphs - Fat, round, short arms/legs, relaxed, comfortable, extroverted softies Mesomorphs - Athletic, active, assertive, aggressive, more likely to participate in delinquency Ectomorphs - Skinny w/ lean/fragile bodies, introverted, oerly sensitive, concerned w/ health Term Cesare Lombroso Definition Born criminals Insane criminals Occasional criminals Passion criminals Term Charles Murray and Richard Hernstein Definition The bell curve IQ tests Term Jeremy Bentham Definition 1748-1832 Only give up bare minimum of freedoms - anything more is tyranny Law is blind - to rank/class - "equal justice" Actions not intentions determine punishment Laws are fixed - Judges can't modify Crimes = Breaches of social contract Term Celerity (punishment) Definition timing Term Severity (punishment) Definition nature and extent (some believe too strong can be as dangerous as too weak - punishment is a tricky area) Term Certainty (punishment) Definition consistency Term Cesare Beccaria Definition 1738-1794 Discussed what punishment, laws, etc should be - Inspired founding fathers of US and declaration of independence Term Eugenics Definition Correlation between what you are and how you act 1.Eliminate people 2.Eliminate those who don't represent the gene pool - The Nazis/Genocide/Holocaust - Sterilize mentally ill/disabled Term Anomie Theory 2 Definition Merton - Goals that everyone strives for: Money, power, prestige Ability to reach goal-depends on ascribed status Modes of adaptation Term Conformist Definition Goals: + Means: + Term Innovator Definition (drug dealers) Goals: + Means: - Term Ritualist Definition Goals: Go with the flow Means: Go with the flow Term Retreatist: Definition Goals: - Means: - Homeless, drug attics Term Rebel Definition Goals: +/- Means: +/- Dont buy goals/means in society so develop new goals&means to get to the goal Term Albert Cohen Definition Middle class measuring rod: Imp. of ambition Indiv. responsibility Imp. of skills/tangible achievements Imp. of industry&thrift Imp. of rationality Imp. of cultivating manner/courtesy Control physical violence Don't waste your time Respect for private property Term Cloward and Ohlin Definition Differential opportunity - Not everyone has the same access Will/or could resort to: Crime, conflict, or retreat Term Differential Association Reinforcement Theory Definition Burgess & Akers Belief that deviant behavior is socially learned through intimate relationships Term Jackson Toby Definition 1957 Most theft from adolescents from poor neighborhoods Social disorganization in poor neighborhoods Education - Prime focus Good student hangs with other good students - won't deviate (vice versa) Term F. Ivan Nye Definition 1958 Family is the primary variable if kid is deviant Delinquency is normal for kids Learn difference between right/wrong as a kid Still do wrong - Easier Term David Matza Definition Drift theory: People drift back and forth between deviance and normalcy (can be conscious, or unconscious) Term Techniques of neutralization Definition David Matza Denial of responsibility Denial of injury Denial of victim Condemnation of condemners Appeal to higher loyalties Term Social bonding theory Definition Travis Hirschi Attachments Committment Involvement Belief Term Conflict theory: Definition Born bad - Rely on control to bring you to sanity/normalness