Term
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Definition
| the violation of rules or norms |
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Term
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Definition
| the violation of norms written into law |
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Term
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Definition
| "blemishes" that discredit a person's claim to a "normal" identity |
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Term
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Definition
| a group's usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives |
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Term
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Definition
| a group's formal and informal means of enforcing its norms |
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Term
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Definition
| an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a prison sentence or an execution |
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Term
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Definition
| a reward or positive reaction for following norms |
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Term
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Definition
| rituals designed to remake the self by stripping away an individual's particular social identity and stamping a new one in its place |
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Term
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Definition
| inborn tendencies; in this context, to commit deviant acts |
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Term
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Definition
| crimes such as mugging, rape, and burglary |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that a personality disturbance of some sort causes and individual to violate social norms |
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Term
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Definition
| term to indicate that associating with some groups results in learning and excess of definitions of deviance, and, by extension, in a greater likelihood that one will become deviant |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that two control systems--inner and outer--work against our tendencies to deviate |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that the labels people are given affect their own and others' perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior either into deviance or into conformity |
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Term
| techniques of neutralization |
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Definition
| ways of thinking or rationalizing that help people deflect (or neutralize) society's norms |
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Term
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Definition
| the legitimate objectives held out to the members of a society |
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Term
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Definition
| approved ways of reaching cultural goals |
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Term
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Definition
| strain engendered when a society socializes large numbers of people to desire a cultural goa, but withholds from many the approved means of reaching that goal; one adaption to the strain is crime |
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Term
| illegitimate opportunity culture |
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Definition
| opportunities for crimes that are woven into the texture of life |
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Term
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Definition
| crimes committed b y people of respectable and social status in the course of their occupations; for example, bribery of public officials, embezzlement, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| crimes committed by executives in order to benefit their corporation |
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Term
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Definition
| accept cultural goals and institutions |
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Term
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Definition
| accept cultural goals, reject institutions |
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Term
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Definition
| reject cultural goals, accept institutions |
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Term
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Definition
| reject cultural goals, reject institutions |
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Term
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Definition
| replace cultural goals and institutions |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of police, courts, and prisons set up to deal with people who are accused of having committed a crime |
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Term
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Definition
| the wealthy who own the means of production and buy the labor of the working class |
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Term
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Definition
| those people who sell their labor to the capitalist class |
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Term
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Definition
| the most desperate members of the working class, who have few skills, little job security, and are often unemployed |
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Term
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Definition
| proportion of released convicts who are rearrested |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the killing of several victims in three or more separate events |
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Term
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Definition
| crimes to which more severe penalties are attached because they're motivated by hatred of someone's race, religion, sexual orientation, disability, or national origin |
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Term
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Definition
| the practice of the police, in the normal course of their duties, to either arrest or ticket someone for an offense or to overlook the manner |
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