Term
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Definition
Zygote- Blastocyte- Embryo- Foetus
Neural Tube (embrionic stage) |
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Term
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Definition
TETAROGENS: environmental factors which disrupt development.
eg foetal alcohol syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
Grasping, sucking, rooting, moro
- good sensory abilities, bad motor. |
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Term
| Socioemotional Development; Face Recognition |
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Definition
- Attending and responding to faces provides social understanding.
- Social referencing: faces as cues for situations- develop expectations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtaining behaviours, attitudes and beliefs in order to be a part of society |
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Term
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Definition
Model of socialisation
Leaving alone |
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Term
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Definition
Model of socialisation
Shaping/training with rewards and punishments |
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Term
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Definition
Model of socialisation
Discipline |
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Term
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Definition
Model of socialisation
Interdependence of parent/child
Child as an active participant- interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Care giver provides child with food/comfort (primary drive). Therefore she becomes a need (secondary drive)- attachment |
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Term
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Definition
Attachment increases chance of survival.
Caregiver as a SECURE BASE |
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Term
| Ainsworth's attachment styles |
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Definition
Secure: PCG- sensitive. Adult- meaningful relationships.
Avoidant: PCG- distant. Adult- avoid emotional connections.
Ambivolent: PCG- inconsistent. Adult- insecure, controlling.
Disorganised: PCG- extreme. Adult- mistrustful, craves security |
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Term
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Definition
-Pre-attachment: Indiscriminate
-Attachment-in-the-making: Recognise familiar people
-Clear-cut-attachment: Distress when separation, weariness of strangers.
-Goal-corrected partnership: Reciprocity |
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Term
| Piaget's conservation theory |
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Definition
Children under 6 non-conservers.
Peer interaction helps performance |
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Term
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Definition
-Sensorimotor: Limited to sensations
-Preoperational: Egocentrism, conservation of quantity
-Concrete operational: Time, space and quantity partially understood
- Formal operational: Planning thought, abstract reasoning. |
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Term
| Driving Forces for Cognitive Development |
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Definition
Schema- category of knowledge.
Assimilation- interpreting environment in terms of existing schemas.
Accomodation- changing schemas based on interaction with environment. |
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Term
| STRENGTHS and WEAKNESSES of Piaget |
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Definition
STRENGTHS: -Children learn through interaction. -different ages, different approaches. -Consider brain and environment.
WEAKNESSES: -Stages too strict. -Examined his children only. -Neglect of social factors. -Underestimating children's abilitites. |
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Term
Zone of Proximal Development
Vygostky |
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Definition
Includes what children can do with help.
Child active participant in own learning- provides feedback.
Not restricted by stage- focus o mental functions |
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Term
Development of Morals
KOHLBERG |
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Definition
-Preconventional Reasoning- focused on getting rewards and avoiding punishments.
-Conventional Reasoning- Focused on social relationships, duties and conventions.
-Post-conventional Reasoning: Own ideals and morals. |
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Term
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Definition
Social Stereotypes. Self-perpetuating cycle- parents/society induce gender differences.
No gender differences in cognitive ability/ aggression (although manifested differently) |
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Term
| Gender Development Theories |
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Definition
Evolutionary: roles aid survival of species.
Social-learning: part of socialisation.
Cognitive-developmental: gender roles come from child's active understanding. |
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