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Definition
development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss
*biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together*
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| Normative Age-Graded Influences |
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Definition
biological and environmental influences that are similar for people in a certain age group
*i.e. puberty or starting grade school* |
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| Normative History-Graded Influences |
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Definition
biological and environmental influences that are associated with history. These influences are common amongst people of a certain generation
*i.e. 9/11/2001* |
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Definition
unusual events that have an impact on an individual's life
*i.e. death of a parent, teen pregnancy, winning the lottery etc.* |
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| the debate about the extent to which development is influenced by nature(an organism's biological inheritance) and by nurture (its environmental experiences) |
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| the debate about how much early traits and characteristics persist through life or change |
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| sees development as unconscious processes that are very emotional |
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Definition
-Our problems were the result of experiences in early in life
-we go through five stages: oral(birth-1 1/2 y.o. pleasure centered around mouth), anal(1 1/2-3), phallic (3-6 genitals), latency (6-puberty; repress sexual interest and develop social and intellectual skills), genital (puberty onward; sexual reawakening) |
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| Erickson's Psychosocial Theory |
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Definition
-children are active and seek to control their environment
-eight stages:
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame&doubt
Initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
identity vs. identity confusion
intimacy vs isolation
generatively vs. stagnation
integrity vs. despair
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Term
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Definition
-children go through four stages of development and the 2 processes that underlie cognitive development are orginization and adaptation
-sensorimotor (infants create meaning of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor skills)
-preoporational (children represent the world with words, images and drawings)
-concrete operational (reason logically about specific or concrete examples)
-formal operatinal (abstract, idealistic, and logical ways) |
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| we learn from the consequences of our actions |
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Definition
| development reflects the influence of several environmental systems (microsystem [the setting you live in], mesosystem[relations between microsystems], exosystem [link between a social system in which the individual doesn't have an active role], macrosystem [culture], chronosystem [patterning of environmental eventsand transitions throughout life] |
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Definition
| stress that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods. |
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| a group of people who are born at a similar point in history and share similar experiences as a result |
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Term
| passive genotype environment correlations |
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Definition
association between the genotype a child inherits from her parents and the environment in which the child is raised
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| Evocative Genotype Environment Correlations |
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Definition
| the child will influence the environment |
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Term
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Definition
-there is too much emphasis on heredity
-relationship is much mor biderectional interchange between heredity and the environment |
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| Active (niche-picking) Genotype Environment Correlations |
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Definition
| when children look for environments that they find compatible and stimulating |
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Term
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Definition
| stage of prenatal development in which three cell layers are forms: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm |
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Definition
| hollow fluid filled ball of cells that will become an embryo |
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Definition
| outermost layer that becomes the sense organs (nervous system and skin) |
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Definition
| middle layer that becomes the muscles, skeleton, and reproctive system |
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Definition
| inner layer that becomes the digestive system, lungs, and urinary track |
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Definition
| 22-26 weeks the fetus could survive at this point |
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Definition
| any environmental agent that causes damage during prenatal period |
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| assesses that baby's physical condition after birth |
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Definition
| in sudden intense sound and movement a newborn will arch its back, throw back its head, and fling out its arms and legs and then rapidly close them |
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| the age of the mother when she conceives |
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Definition
| high pitched and expressive speech using simple word and sentences |
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Definition
| infants assemble motor skills doe perceiving and acting(they must perceive something in the environment that motivates them to act) |
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Definition
| skills that invilve large-muscle activities |
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Definition
-regular sleep
-irregular sleep
-drowsiness
-quiet alertness/alert inactive
-active&awake |
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| Language Acquisition Device |
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Definition
-Noam Chaunsky
-Said that all children are programmed to learn language |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope |
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