Term
| What factors mediate the impact of divorce on children? |
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Definition
Children's individual characteristics
age of child at divorce
contact with noncustodial father |
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Term
| What is gender schema theory and how does it influence children? |
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Definition
Gender typing that appears when children realize what is appropriate for each gendern
girls-warm expressive, communicative,
boys -competent, individual, independent |
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Term
| Why do rewards fail to improve the quality of work? |
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Definition
They punish, break relationships, ignore underlying reasons for behavior, discourage risk taking, undermine interest in task at hand
Solution: three C's: Content, choice, collaboration |
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Term
| What is known about young children under age 5 abuot commericials? |
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Definition
| Don't understand market, can't distinguish reality, not sure if objects in room are different from TV as objets in room |
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Term
| Positive aspects of video games |
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Definition
Inductive Reasoning (order-randomness)
improve visual/cognitive ability
improve spatial ability
education potential |
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Term
| What causes precocious puberty? |
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Definition
Weight gain/ obesity
Environmental chemicals
Sexualized images
Familial stress
absenece of father |
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Term
| What factors associated with early/frequent sexual activities among teens? |
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Definition
Absence of father
ecological systems -dist/how many ppl live around you
vulnerability vs resilience (stressors and protective factors) |
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Term
| Secular trend in decline of age of menarche? |
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Definition
Environment and genotype
Weight gain/obesity
better nutrition
EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL LIGHT speeds up biological clock |
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Term
| How much do young children understand about TV shows? |
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Definition
Understand on perceptual not message level
difficulty distinguishing central themes and peripheral themes
man not connect many details of stpry
difficulty making inferences about intentions/emotions of characters
need redundant info |
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Term
| Why have theorists reached a consensus that watching violent TV can influence violent behavior? |
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Definition
Media violence and agresive behavior link shown to be almost as strong as association btwn smoking and lung cancer
-scientific confidence, 6 professional organizations -->causal connection btwn media violence and agressive behavior
-perpertrator attractive, morally justified reasons for violence
-violence realistics, goes rewarded/unpunished
-presented in humorous context |
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Term
| How can parents and educators encourage teens to adopt safe sex behaviors |
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Definition
Strengthen competeing goals
ehnahce life options
-school performance
-employment opportunities
-role models- protect FUTURE |
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Term
| What is the Goodness of Fit |
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Definition
Fit not actual facts of a situation matter when it comes to outcome
-measures discrepancy btwn observed values and expected values under model in question |
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Term
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Definition
Development of frontal lobe
susceptibility to drugs
different reward center activation |
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Term
| Fox's longitudinal study of stability of temperament |
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Definition
exuberant temperament very stable
-child's temperament determines when adults if help someone |
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Term
| Thomas and Chess temperament catgegories |
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Definition
Easy-happy, well adjusted, reg habits, low risk
-difficult- unhappy, ireggular habits, high risk
-slow-happy well adjusted, reg bio routines |
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Term
| evidence for sensitive periods for language acquisition |
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Definition
| recovery of brain damaage, 2nd lang, deaf children, delayed languaged, neural plasticity of brain, wild child |
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Term
| separation anxiety at what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference btwn nativists and Social interactionists? |
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Definition
Nativists-believe that ppl born with processes to help learn grammer/language
social-belief that learn within social contexts |
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Term
| What was found by study on 14 genetic males with missing/micro-genitals raised as females? |
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Definition
| Female behavior does not evolve from female gender assignment |
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Term
| What is Wilson's theory of hypertrophization of biological gender dimorphism? |
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Definition
| Cultures systematically exaggerate biologically based gender differences |
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Term
| Why are children recruited as soldiers? |
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Definition
-increase # fighters
-more easily manipulated/controlled
-fit easier in tighter spaces
-do not suspect children to be soldiers
-carry lighter weapons thanks to tech
-frontlines of conflict
-slaves/servants |
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Term
| When children live in war zone, what factors help reduce the trauma they experience? |
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Definition
Fight Back
Social ideology
Family factors |
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Term
| Important lesson WWII bombings in London? |
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Definition
| Children were less affected by bombings and more affected by separation from parents following evacuation of London |
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Term
| Cognivitive tasks shows strongest gender differences? |
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Definition
Male-spatial superiority in mental rotation task, rod and frame
females - better spatial memory |
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Term
| Advice for parents of ambiguous genital children? |
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Definition
-avoid purely cosmetic surgery
-look for cues as to what gender child most comfy w/
-dont destroy genital tissue
-variation in appearance of genitals should be accepeted as part of normal human varaition |
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Term
| Anne Fernald's experiment |
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Definition
| Shift from melody carrying messsage to the melody enhancing content in message and the development of speech perception |
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