Term
| When does a developmental disorder occur? |
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Definition
| occurs when either failure or a disturbance occurs during cell division and differentiation into various structures of the body |
|
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Term
| What are inherited disorders caused by? Who are they transmitted to? |
|
Definition
| an abnormality in genetic makeup and are transmitted from patent to child |
|
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Term
| What is a congenital disorder? |
|
Definition
| one that is present at birth, could be developmental or inherited |
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Term
|
Definition
| failure of the palatine processes to fuse with the premaxilla |
|
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Term
| What plays a role in the development of a cleft? |
|
Definition
| heredity and other factors |
|
|
Term
| Is a cleft lip more common in males or females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a cleft lip and palate more common in males or females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a cleft palate alone more common in males or females? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many infants born in the US are born with a cleft lip or palate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What weeks in utero would a cleft occur? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an indication of mild clefting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a unilateral cleft is left or right cleft more common? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens o a bilateral cleft? |
|
Definition
| the globular process fails to fuse with the maxillary process |
|
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Term
| How old does a baby need to be before a repair can be done on a cleft lip? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How old does a baby need to be before repair can be done on a cleft palate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some soft tissue abnormalities? |
|
Definition
-lip pits
-double lip
-white sponge nevus(looks like candidiasis but does not wipe off) |
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Term
|
Definition
| extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
|
|
Term
| What does ankyloglossia result from? |
|
Definition
| a complete or partial fusion of the frenum to the floor of the mouth |
|
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Term
| What is a common name for ankyloglossia? What can it affect? |
|
Definition
-tongue tied
-can effect speech, cause gingival recession and bone loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enlarged tongue, might see scaloping |
|
|
Term
| What is a bifid tongue an indicator of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for median rhomboid glossitis? What is it caused by? |
|
Definition
-central papillary atrophy
-believed to be caused by erythematous candida |
|
|
Term
| What does median rhomboid glossitis cause? |
|
Definition
-appears as a flat or slightly raised oval in the middle of the dorsum of the tongue
-smooth, devoid of filliform papillae |
|
|
Term
| What causes fissured tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for geographic tongue? What does it look like? |
|
Definition
-also called benign migratory glossitis
-erythematous patches with white borders |
|
|
Term
| What is geographic tongue thought to be linked with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased keratin on filiform papillae from either an increase in keratin production or decrease in desquamation |
|
|
Term
| What can the papillae become stained with in hairy tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a palatine torus? Where are these found? |
|
Definition
| exophytic growth of normal compact bone, midline of the palate |
|
|
Term
| What do palatine torus look like? When do they appear? |
|
Definition
-take various shapes and sizes
-peak incidence shortly before age 30 |
|
|
Term
| What is the incidence of palatine torus? |
|
Definition
-20-25% of population has them
-women 2:1 |
|
|
Term
| What is a mandibular tori? What shape are they? |
|
Definition
-normal, dense bone
-usually bilateral, often lobulated |
|
|
Term
| Where are mandibular tori usually found? |
|
Definition
| linguals of the mandible in the area of the premolars above the mylohyoid ridge |
|
|
Term
| What is exotosis? Where is it found? |
|
Definition
-nodular bony outgrowth of normal, compact bone
-found on buccal of maxillary or mandibular ridges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes macrognathia? |
|
Definition
| could be congenital(class III) or result from disease like Paget's disease or acromegaly |
|
|
Term
| What stages of tooth development can disturbances causes abnormalities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines clinical manifestations of a tooth abnormality? |
|
Definition
-the kind of disturbance
-stage the tooth was at during disturbance
-how long it was disturbed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lacking or missing one or more teeth |
|
|
Term
| What are the teeth most often missing in hypodontia? |
|
Definition
| 3rd molars, maxillary laterals, mand 2nd molars |
|
|
Term
| What is supernumerary teeth? What are the most common? |
|
Definition
| extra teeth, most common are mesiodens and distomolar |
|
|
Term
| What occurs in Garner's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| multiple supernumerary teeth, patient also has colon polyps and cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small tooth, most common in a single toooth, peg laterals or 3rd molars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one tooth attempts to divide into 2 teeth, one single root and pulp canal |
|
|
Term
| What stage of tooth development does gemination occur? What does it look like? |
|
Definition
-occurs in cap stage
-looks like macrodontia until you do radiographs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can fusion result in? |
|
Definition
-one large tooth
-union of the crowns only
-union of the roots only |
|
|
Term
| What does true fusion involve? |
|
Definition
| fusion of dentin, seperate or fused roots seen |
|
|
Term
| What can you do to tell the difference between fusion and gemination? |
|
Definition
| count teeth or take radiographs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of fusion in which teeth are united by cementum only |
|
|
Term
| What is dilaceration? what causes it? |
|
Definition
| -abnormal curve or angle in the root, -thought to be caused by trauma to the tooth germ during root development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small, sperhial emamel projection on a root surface |
|
|
Term
| Why do enamel pearls occur? |
|
Definition
| as a result of abnormal displacement of ameloblasts |
|
|
Term
| Which teeth are enamel pearls seen in most of the time? |
|
Definition
-multi rooted
-maxillary teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an accessory cusp located in the cimgulum rea of an incisor |
|
|
Term
| what are talon cusps composed of? |
|
Definition
| normal enamel, dental and pulp horn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teeth exhibit elongated large pulp chambers and short roots |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for dens in dente? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-enamel organ infolds into the crown
-results in a tooth-like structure within the tooth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accessory enamel cusp found on the occlusal surface |
|
|
Term
| What are supernumerary root? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is enamel hypoplasia? |
|
Definition
| incomplete or defective formation of enamel, less quantity of normal |
|
|
Term
| What does enamel hypoplasia result in? |
|
Definition
| alteration of tooth form or color |
|
|
Term
| What is enamel hypoplasia caused by? |
|
Definition
| a disturbance of ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation |
|
|
Term
| What are some possible disturbances that can cause enamel hypoplasia? |
|
Definition
-illness with high fever
-vitamin deficiency(A,C,D)
-local infection of deciduous teeth
-tooth much fluoride(Most common)
-congenital syphilis
-birth injury
-ameloblasts imperfecta(only one that is part of genes) |
|
|
Term
| What is "turners tooth" ? |
|
Definition
| hypoplasia that occurs because of a local infection of a deciduous teeth affecting permanent tooth below- LOCAL (usually in 1 tooth) |
|
|
Term
| How do you get dentinogenesis imperfecta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the crown and dentin like in dentinogeneis imperfecta? |
|
Definition
-crowns are bulbous with an opalescent brown to blue color
-dentin is soft, so ENAMEL chips off |
|
|
Term
| What are the pulp chambers and roots like in dentinogenesis? |
|
Definition
-NO pulp chambers or root canals
-short roots |
|
|
Term
| What is enamel hypocalcification? |
|
Definition
| disturbance of the maturation of enamel |
|
|
Term
| What does enamel hypocalcification look like? |
|
Definition
| white chalky, localized spot |
|
|
Term
| What do intrinsic stains of teeth occur from? |
|
Definition
result from circulating elements during tooth development being deposited in the enamel
-elements from pulp leaching through dentin tubules |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean if a tooth is ankylosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does it mean if a tooth is impacted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do teeth become embedded? |
|
Definition
| because of a lack of erupted forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
loss of tooth structure through tooth to tooth friction (grinding teeth)
-can see dentin on occlusal surface
-or the tooth structure changes(like canine point gone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of tooth structure caused by mechanical wear (gums recede and then the tooth gets worn away) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of tooth structure at the CEJ caused by abnormal occlusal forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of tooth structure caused by acidic chemicals in prolonged contact with the teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a picture of the collection of one's 46 chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how one's genes are expressed |
|
|
Term
| What are some patterns of inheritance? (4) |
|
Definition
1.autosomal dominant
2.autosomal recessive
3.X-linked dominant
4.X-liked recessive |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between enamel hypocalcification and enamel hypoplasia? |
|
Definition
enamel hypoplasa- happens when ameloblasts are making enamel
enamel hypocalcifiction- happens during enamel maturation(it does not occur) |
|
|
Term
| Where do molecular abnormalities occur? WHat kind of disorders are they? |
|
Definition
| at DNA level, inherited disorders |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of molecular abnormalities? |
|
Definition
| they can be as common as palatine torus or very rare conditions |
|
|
Term
| Why do gross abnormalities occur? |
|
Definition
| because of an alteration in chromosome number or alteration in structure |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes are effected in gross abnormalities? |
|
Definition
| this can range anywhere a complete 2nd set of chromosome (92) total to loss of part of a chromosome |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the gross abnormality, Trisomy 21? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most frequent of the trisomes? |
|
Definition
| Trisomy 21(Down's syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of down's syndrome? |
|
Definition
-slanted eyes
-heart abnormalities
-lower inteligence level
-hypodontia
-fissured tongue
-abnormalitis in shape, position, and eruption of teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of trisomy 13? |
|
Definition
-cleft lip and palate
-small or no eyes
-mental retardation
-heart malformations |
|
|
Term
| What is turner's syndrome caused by? |
|
Definition
| female phenotype, only 1 X instead of 2 X's |
|
|
Term
| What happens in turners syndrome? |
|
Definition
| ovaries do not develop along with other physical abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of molecular chromosomal abnormalities? |
|
Definition
-Cyclic neutrophils
-papillon-FeFecre syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are cylic neutrophils? |
|
Definition
| periodic decrease in neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| What is papillon-lefarve syndrome? |
|
Definition
| marked destruction of periodontal tissues, premature loss of teeth, and hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles |
|
|
Term
| What are some other abnormalities? |
|
Definition
-cherubism
-cleidocranial
-garner syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
progressive bilateral facial swelling before 4 years of age
-soap bubble appearance of the jaws |
|
|
Term
| What is cleidocranial dysplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-osteomas in maxilla and mandible
-multpiple odontomas
-intestinal polyps |
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