children are qualitatively the same as adults, just smaller and less developed

n  Belief that children are originally good and have positive traits, but adults sometimes beat it out of them (verbally or physically); children occupied the same mindset as primitive people

n  We should allow children to develop the things they are best at; environment could help develop those skills

• Means "blank slate"
•  Children start out with simple ideas; experience and many simple ideas create complex ideas
• Knowledge based on experience
• Associationism

• Organismic/Constructivist as “active” position
• Input then output; child constructing his/her knowledge and skills        
•  Mechanistic World View as “passive” position
•  Child sees things happening around them or to them 

Personal elements of each individual's life; varies depending on the person

Home, Work, School, Neighborhood

Normative vs. Idiographic development

Normal development vs. individual development

an overarching set of assumptions & explanations, which helps to guide research

a testable prediction 

A one tailed hypothesis specifies a directional relationship between groups. 

“Breast-fed infants will differ from formula-fed infants on frequency of ear infections."

A two tailed hypothesis would predict that there was a difference between groups, but, would make no reference to the direction of the effect.

“Breast-fed infants will have fewer ear infections than formula-fed infants.”

measurable behaviors used, for the purposes of that experiment, to define some concept/variable