Term
| What is the distribution of a flea bite bypersen in a dog? |
|
Definition
caudal 1/2 body
- dorsal lumbosacral area
- caudomedial thighs
- ventral abd
- umbilical area
- flanks |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do you see in acute and chronic flea bite hypersen? |
|
Definition
Acute
- papules, erythema, alopecia
- hot spots (pyotramutic dermatitis): localized erosive, crusting, moist lesions
Chronic
- alopecia
- lichenfication, hyperpigmentation\
- (though really could be anything) |
|
|
Term
| What is the distribution of a flea bite hypersen in the cat? |
|
Definition
- dorsal lumbosacral
- caudomedial thighs
- ventral abd
- neck
- face/preauricular area
- generalized |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do you in a cat with flea bite hypesen? |
|
Definition
more variable to the dog
- non-inflamm alopecia
- mild-severe self-trauma (excoriations, alopecia, crusting, ulcers)
- miliary dermatitis
- esinophilic granuloma complex |
|
|
Term
| What is the mainstay of diagnosing a flea bite hypersen? |
|
Definition
treatment of trial of 4 weeks of
- affected pets
- in-contact pets
- **environment*** |
|
|
Term
| Describe treatment of flea bite hypersen affected dogs/cats |
|
Definition
Adulticide every 2 weeks
- spot on/spray: imidacloprid, fipronil
- oral: capstar (this one is daily though!), comfortis
IGR Treatment
- oral lufenuron (sentinel or program)
IGR spray of environment (every 6 months)
- raid, mortein, baygon
Symptomatic (short term)
- for short term, only for severe cases
-systemic glucocorticoids (pred)
|
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and historical clues for atopic dermatitis? |
|
Definition
presenting complaint
- pruritus (can be mild to intense)
- secondary lesions: (alopecia, erythema, chronic changes such as lichenfication, hyperpigmentation, greasines, odor)
- Breeds(lab, golden, terriers, min schnauzers, boxer, staffordshire, dalmation, rhodesian, great dane, abyssinian)
- age (1-3yrs in dogs, 6-24mon in cats)
- seasonal (though some, like dust mites are non-seasonal)
- cortisone-responsive (though not always) |
|
|
Term
| What are the lesions and distribution seen in a dog with atopic dermatitis? |
|
Definition
Lesions:
- eyrthema, scaling, alopecia, salivary staining, occ urticaria, 2* bacterial/yeast
Distribution:
- face, feet, axillae, ventral abdomen, perianal, ears
(special sites- ears, anals sacs, lick granulomas) |
|
|
Term
| What are the lesions and distribution of atopic dermatitis in cats? |
|
Definition
lesions:
- very variable
- non-inflamm alopecia
- mild--> severe self trauma(excorations, alopecia, crusting, ulcers)
- miliary dermatitis
- Eosinophilic granuloma complex(rodent ulcers, eos.plaques, linear granulomas)
Distribution:
- face, feet, ventral abd (more on the face than FB hypersen)
Special sites: ears, anal sacs, EGC-lips, ventral abd, caudal thighs, mouth, feet |
|
|
Term
| How do you dx atopic dermatitis? |
|
Definition
- consistent history and clinical signs
- exclusion of other dx(F Adv Rxn, sarcoptes, flea B hypersen, hormonal dermatoses+2* infections)
- intradermal test (not dx, supportive)
- allergen specific IgE ELISA (not great either) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for atopic dermatitis? |
|
Definition
Reduce allergen effect
- need to figure out responsible allergen
(intradermal better, serum can be done by gp, but more false neg than intradermal, fewer allergens tested)
- Min allergen exposure
- immunotherapy ("allergy vx")- can be very effective
Short-term flare plan and Long term control plan (don't forget!)
- safe protocol:
+treat 2* bacterial/yeast infections
+antihistamines
+fatty acids
+shampoo (mild soothing) daily to monthly
+topical steroids
- harder drugs
+sysytemic glucocorticoids (pred)
+ cyclosporine (takes a while to work) |
|
|
Term
| What are the historical clues for adverse food reaction?(describe diff for dogs and cats) |
|
Definition
Presenting complaint:
- pruritus usually key feature
time factors:
- non-seasonal
(exception: concurrent atopy)
concurrent health:
- may have concurrent GIT dz
Dogs: typically similar to atopy, possibly unilateral, unusual distribution
Cats: typically intense head and neck prurtus, as for atopy |
|
|
Term
| How do you dx adverse food reaction? |
|
Definition
elimination diet for 6-8 weeks
MUST rechallenge at end of diet
- reintro new food
- see obvious flare of previous signs within 2 weeks, often within few days --> confirmed dx
do another 6-8 weeks of new diet (with no rxn)
Sequential rechallenge
- sequentially into one food item each 2 weeks to id allergic ingredients |
|
|
Term
| What are the historical clues/clinical signs seen with contact hypersen? |
|
Definition
- often intense pruritus
- often intermittent severe flares
- distribution important: footpads, muzzle, ventral abd, lateral hocks, scrotum |
|
|
Term
| How do you dx contact hypersen? |
|
Definition
open patch testing
- rub suspect allergen directly on inner pinna
closed patch testing:
- bandage allergens onto shaved skin, leave on 24-48 hours, remove and re-bandage for 24 hours and then assess
- avoid allergen and then re-expose and see relapse
- histopath(non-specific) |
|
|
Term
| What are the relevant incidences of hypersen in cats/dogs? |
|
Definition
dogs:
- FBH>AD>contact>AFR
cats:
- FBH>AFR>AD |
|
|
Term
| What are the lesions/distribution of mosi bite hypersen |
|
Definition
distribution:
- nasal planum/bridge
- +/- pinnae
- +/-footpads
(not in areas of dense hair)
Lesions types:
- papules(pin-point)
- erosions/ulcers/crusting (from self-trauma) |
|
|
Term
| How do you dx mosi bite hypersen? |
|
Definition
- history +typical clinical lesions/sites
tests:
- biopsy important to exclude herpes viral dermatitis, possibly sterile pyogranuloma syndrome
-prevention trial (indoors for 2 weeks and see resolution) |
|
|
Term
| What are the historical clues of sarcoptic mange? |
|
Definition
-intense pruritus
- sudden onset, non-seasonal, relentless
- not steroid responsive(or minimally)
- potential contagion (others may or may not be affected)
- exposure to wombats, foxes, or many dogs |
|
|
Term
| What are the clincal features of sarcoptes? |
|
Definition
papules
scaling
self trauma (alopecia, excoriations, crusting) |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical features of cheyletiella? |
|
Definition
- scaling ("walking dandruff")
- variable alopecia;miliary dermatitis in cats
- pruritus(absent to intense) |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose mites? |
|
Definition
skin scrapings
though some mites be sparse and require treatment trial (sarcoptes, otodectes) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for mites (not demodex)? |
|
Definition
- treat beyond life cycle- 4weeks min
- treat all in contact pets
- ivermectin weekly (no collies)
- doramectin/mexidectin (")
- weekly fipronil spray for g.pigs (no rabbits)
- selemectin or moxidectin (fortnightly x3 treatments) |
|
|
Term
Pruritus, feather pulling
scaly face in budgie
scaly legs in canaries
what is it and whats the treatment? |
|
Definition
cnemidocoptes
ivermectin- 1 drop on skin over jugular vein weekly for 4 weeks |
|
|
Term
| guinea pig with intense pruritus, self trauma(excorations, crusting, hairloss, freq neck, face, back), other than mites, what could it be and whats the treatment? |
|
Definition
trixacris
- oral ivermectin
- fipronil spray weekly for 4 weeks
- selemectin or moxidectin fortnightly x3 treatments |
|
|
Term
| 2ndary MD and SBP are associated with what common underlying dz? |
|
Definition
hypersen
endocrinopathies
systemic dz (eg neoplasia, FIV)
immuno-supp therapies
keratinization defects |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of MD? |
|
Definition
- duration of treatme min 3wks WITHOUT STEROIDS
- systemic better- ketoconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine
- topicals: enilconazole, miconazole, terbafine cream, shampoo |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for SBP? |
|
Definition
- durations-3 weeks min WITHOUT STEROIDS
- systemic most reliable- cephalexin, amoxyclav
- topical (shampoo) |
|
|
Term
| If can't treat underlying dz to 2ndary MD/SBP, what can you do? |
|
Definition
- antimicrobial shampoo or solutions 1-2weekly
- improve skin barrier (moisturing, fatty acids
- intermittent early topical antimicrobials |
|
|
Term
| What are the main ddx for pruritic skin dz? |
|
Definition
most common:
1. hypersen
2. external parasites
secondary:
SBP,MD
sometimes pruritic:
- pemphigus foliaceus
- demodicosis
- dermatophytosis |
|
|
